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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2019-2-55-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1149</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Филогенетический анализ штаммов Yersinia pestis средневекового биовара, выделенных в Прикаспийском Северо-Западном степном очаге чумы в XX столетии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phylogenetic Analysis of Yersinia pestis Strains of Medieval Biovar, Isolated in Precaspian North-Western Steppe Plague Focus in the XX Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерошенко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eroshenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альхова</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al’khova</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балыкова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balykova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куклева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukleva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ерошенко Г.А., Попов Н.В., Альхова Ж.В., Балыкова А.Н., Куклева Л.М., Кутырев В.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ерошенко Г.А., Попов Н.В., Альхова Ж.В., Балыкова А.Н., Куклева Л.М., Кутырев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eroshenko G.A., Popov N.V., Al’khova Z.V., Balykova A.N., Kukleva L.M., Kutyrev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1149">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1149</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Выполнение сравнительного филогенетического анализа штаммов Yersinia pestis, выделенных в Прикаспийском Северо-Западном степном очаге в 1924–1926 гг., 1972 г. и в 1986–1990 гг., для выяснения причин его реактивизации в различные периоды XX в.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе использованы 30 штаммов Y. pestis из Прикаспийского Северо-Западного степного природного очага и сопредельных очагов чумы. Проведено полногеномное секвенирование восьми штаммов Y. pestis из этого очага, а также использованы полногеномные последовательности еще 16 штаммов из сопредельных природных очагов. Полногеномное секвенирование штаммов Y. pestis выполняли в Ion PGM system (Life technologies). Поиск SNPs в коровом геноме проводили с использованием программы Wombac 2.0. Для анализа филогенетических связей штаммов строили дендрограмму Maximum Likelihood, модель HKY85.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено, что в начале XX в. (1924–1926 гг.) на Ергенинской возвышенности в Прикаспийском Северо-Западном степном природном очаге циркулировали штаммы филогенетических ветвей 2.MED4 и 2.MED1 средневекового биовара основного подвида, которые в дальнейшем исчезли с этой территории. Показано, что штаммы, полученные на Ергенинской возвышенности в 1972 г., составили единый подкластер дендрограммы со штаммами из низкогорных и предгорных очагов чумы Кавказа и Закавказья этого же временного периода. Сделан вывод о том, что эпизоотические проявления на Ергенинской возвышенности в 1972 г., после длительного перерыва с 1938 г., вызваны заносом штаммов Y. pestis из низкогорных природных очагов чумы Кавказа и Закавказья. Отмечено, что «экспансия» кавказских штаммов носила кратковременный характер, и с 1974 г. (включая и современный период) зараженных чумой животных на Ергенинской возвышенности не регистрировали. Определено, что штаммы Y. pestis, выделенные в 1986–1990 гг. в восточной части Прикаспийского Северо-Западного степного очага, не имеют близкого генетического родства со штаммами, циркулировавшими на Ергенинской возвышенности в 1924–1926 гг. и 1972 г. Установлено, что каждый эпизоотический период (1913–1938 гг. и 1972–1973 гг.) в Прикаспийском Северо-Западном степном природном очаге завершался элиминацией циркулирующих штаммов Y. pestis и оздоровлением очаговой территории. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p> Objective of the study – comparative phylogenetic analysis of Yersinia pestis strains, isolated in Precaspian North-Western steppe focus in 1924–1926, 1972, and 1986–1990 to understand the causes of focal reactivation during different time periods of the XX century.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The work included 30 strains of Yersinia pestis from Precaspian North-Western steppe natural focus and adjacent plague foci. Whole genome sequencing of eight Y. pestis strains from the former was carried out. Also whole-genome sequences of 16 strains from neighboring natural foci were used. Whole-genome sequencing of Y. pestis strains was conducted in Ion PGM system (Life technologies). SNPs search across the core genome was performed using software package Wombac 2.0. Tree diagram Maximum Likelihood, HKU85 model, was constructed to analyze phylogenetic relations.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. It is established that in early XX century (1924–1926), strains of phylogenetic branches 2.MED4 and 2.MED1, belonging to medieval biovar, main subspecies, circulated on Ergenin Upland in the Precaspian North-Western steppe natural focus. Later on they became extinct in the territory. It is shown that the strains, isolated on Ergenin Upland in 1972, constituted a common subcluster on the dendrogram with the strains from low-mountain and piedmont plague foci of Caucasus and Transcaucasia, dated the same time period. It was inferred that epizootic manifestations on Ergenin upland in 1972, after a long recess since 1938, were caused by importation of Y. pestis strains from low-mountain natural plague foci of Caucasus and Transcaucasia. It was noted that expansion of Caucasian strains was of short-term character, and plague infected animals have not been found on Ergenin Upland since 1974 (including modern period). It is established that Y. pestis strains isolated in the eastern part of Precaspian North-Western steppe focus between 1986 and 1990, do not have close genetic relation to the strains that circulated on Ergenin Upland in 1924–1926 and 1972. It is determined that each epizootic period (1913–1938 and 1972–1973) in Precaspian North-Western steppe natural focus culminated in the elimination of the circulating Y. pestis strains and rehabilitation of the focal territory. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>штаммы Y. pestis</kwd><kwd>Прикаспийский Северо-Западный степной очаг</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>реактивизация очага</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Y. pestis strains</kwd><kwd>Precaspian North-Western steppe natural focus</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>reactivation of the focus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Кутырев В.В., редакторы. Природные очаги чумы Кавказа, Прикаспия, Средней Азии и Сибири. М.: Медицина; 2004. 192 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onishchenko G.G., Kutyrev V.V., editors. 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