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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2019-2-62-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1150</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выявление механизмов изменения продукции ацетоина у генетически измененных штаммов Vibrio cholerae О1 биовара Эль Тор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Identification of the Mechanisms of Acetoin Production Change in Genetically Altered Vibrio cholerae Strains O1 Biovar El Tor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заднова</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zadnova</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крицкий</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kritsky</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плеханов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plekhanov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусева</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseva</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лозовский</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lozovsky</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe” of the Rospotrebnadzor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Заднова С.П., Крицкий А.А., Плеханов Н.А., Гусева Н.П., Лозовский Ю.В., Смирнова Н.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Заднова С.П., Крицкий А.А., Плеханов Н.А., Гусева Н.П., Лозовский Ю.В., Смирнова Н.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zadnova S.P., Kritsky A.A., Plekhanov N.A., Guseva N.P., Lozovsky Y.V., Smirnova N.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1150">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1150</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – установление механизмов изменения биосинтеза ацетоина в реакции Фогес-Проскауэра у генетически измененных штаммов V. cholerae биовара Эль Тор.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использовали девять генетически измененных штаммов V. cholerae О1 серогруппы Эль Тор биовара, завезенных на территорию Российской Федерации и Украины в 1993–2011 гг., и четыре типичных штамма, изолированных в 1970–1972 гг. В качестве отрицательного контроля при изучении продукции ацетоина штаммами V. cholerae в реакции Фогес-Проскауэра использовали штамм V. cholerae 569В О1 серогруппы классического биовара. Относительную экспрессию генов изучали методом ОТ-ПЦР в режиме реального времени. Построение модели белка проводили с использованием автоматизированного сервера SWISS – MODEL.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Показано, что диагностически значимый признак – реакция Фогес-Проскауэра, используемая для дифференциации биоваров V. cholerae O1, изменен у всех изученных генетически измененных штаммов возбудителя холеры, выделенных в разные периоды текущей седьмой пандемии (66,7 % штаммов дают слабоположительную реакцию, 33,3 % – отрицательную). Полученные данные указывают на снижение или отсутствие продукции ацетоина у изученных штаммов. Анализ четырех структурных генов als оперона, а также исследование экспрессии регуляторных генов alsR и аphA, контролирующих его биосинтез, выявил, что изменение продукции ацетоина у геновариантов является следствием делеции единичного нуклеотида (Т в позиции 315) в структурном гене alsD, кодирующем ацетолактат декарбоксилазу, а также высокого уровня экспрессии негативного регулятора биосинтеза ацетоина – гена aphA. Моделирование пространственной структуры белка AlsD геноварианта М1293 и референс-штамма N16961 показало, что белок AlsD геноварианта действительно сильно редуцирован. Однако в отсутствие ацетолактат декарбоксилазы возможно спонтанное декарбоксилирование, что фенотипически проявляется в наличии слабоположительной реакции Фогес-Проскауэра. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective of the study was to determine the mechanisms of acetoin biosynthesis change in genetically altered El Tor V. cholerae strains in Voges-Proskauer test.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We used nine genetically altered V. cholerae O1 strains, biovar El Tor, imported in the territory of the Russian Federation and Ukraine between 1993–2011, and four typical strains isolated in 1970–1972. When assessing acetoin production in V. cholerae strains in Voges-Proskauer test, the strain V. cholerae 569B O1 serogroup, classical biovar served as negative control of the assay. Relative gene expression was studied using real-time RT-PCR. Protein model construction was performed by means of automated server SWISS – MODEL.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. It has been demonstrated that diagnostically significant feature – VogesProskauer reaction, utilized for V. cholerae O1 biovar differentiation, is changed in all investigated genetically altered strains of cholera agent, isolated in different periods of the current seventh pandemic (66.7 % of the strains show weakly positive reaction, 33.3 % – negative one). The data obtained testify to the reduction or absence of acetoin production in the investigated strains. Analysis of four structural genes of als operon, as well as expression of regulatory genes alsR and аphA, responsible for acetoin biosynthesis, has revealed that changes in acetoin production in the genovariants stem from the deletion of a single nucleotide (T in the position 315) in the structural gene alsD, encoding acetolaktat decarboxylase, and also from high levels of negative acetoin biosynthesis regulator expression – аphA gene. Modeling of the spatial (3-D) structure of AlsD protein in the genovariant M1293 and the reference-strain N16961 has shown that AlsD protein of the genovariant is, indeed, considerably reduced. However, spontaneous decarboxylation is possible in the absence of acetolaktat decarboxylase, which phenotypically manifests itself in borderline positive Voges-Proskauer test. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Vibrio cholerae О1 серогруппы биовара Эль Тор</kwd><kwd>реакция Фогес-Проскауэра</kwd><kwd>биосинтез ацетоина</kwd><kwd>структура генов als оперона</kwd><kwd>экспрессия регуляторных генов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Vibrio cholerae O1 serogroup</kwd><kwd>biovar El Tor</kwd><kwd>Voges-Proskauer test</kwd><kwd>acetoin biosynthesis</kwd><kwd>gene structure of als operon</kwd><kwd>expression of regulatory genes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali M., Nelson A. R., Lopez A.L., Sack D. A. Updated global burden of cholera in endemic countries. PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. 2015; 9(6):e0003832. 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