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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2019-3-14-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1169</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярная диагностика гистоплазмоза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular Diagnostics of Histoplasmosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липницкий</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipnitsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vari2@sprint-v.com.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vari2@sprint-v.com.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суркова</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surkova</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vari2@sprint-v.com.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Викторов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Victorov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vari2@sprint-v.com.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топорков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toporkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vari2@sprint-v.com.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd Research Anti-Plague Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Липницкий А.В., Маркин А.М., Суркова Р.С., Викторов Д.В., Топорков А.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Липницкий А.В., Маркин А.М., Суркова Р.С., Викторов Д.В., Топорков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lipnitsky A.V., Markin A.M., Surkova R.S., Victorov D.V., Toporkov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1169">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1169</self-uri><abstract><p>Гистоплазмоз - системный микоз, который распространен по всему миру. Наибольшая встречаемость болезни описана на Американском континенте, но она также отмечается в Китае, Индии, Юго-восточной Азии, Африке, Австралии и Европе. клинические синдромы гистоплазмоза не специфичны и у большинства иммунокомпетентных индивидуумов не проявляются или отмечаются в виде легкой гриппоподобной болезни. у иммунокомпрометированных пациентов, особенно у больных СПИДом, может развиваться тяжелая и смертельная инфекция в связи с диссеминацией возбудителя во многие органы. Этиологический агент гистоплазмоза - диморфный гриб Histoplasma capsulatum, который обитает в почве, контаминированной выделениями птиц или летучих мышей. Установлены три биологических варианта этого гриба: H. capsulatum var. capsulatum, H. capsulatum var. duboisii и H. capsulatum var. farciminosum. Генетические отличия отмечены среди штаммов из различных регионов мира. Основные молекулярные методологии для генетического типирования гриба базируются на выявлении ДНК. Они являются важным инструментом идентификации возможных источников инфекции при вспышках гистоплазмоза. Генетические профили изолятов H. capsulatum от летучих мышей и людей помогли установить распределение болезни в определенных эндемичных регионах. Традиционная диагностика гистоплазмоза проводится путем культурального и микроскопического исследования образцов из респираторного тракта и биологических жидкостей. Однако эти приемы дают положительные результаты только в 50 % случаев. В последние два десятилетия на основе технологии ПЦР разработаны подходы по выявлению H. capsulatum в клинических образцах с помощью различных молекулярных мишеней. их использование для подтверждения диагноза может существенно сократить сроки анализа. Молекулярные методы обладают высокой специфичностью и чувствительностью, а также уменьшают риск инфицирования персонала лаборатории. в данном обзоре авторы обсудили недавно опубликованные данные об использовании основных молекулярных методов для диагностики гистоплазмоза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal disease that occurs worldwide. The highest incidence of the disease is reported on the American continent. It also occurs in China, India, South-Eastern Asia, Africa, Australia and Europe. Clinical syndromes of histoplasmosis are not specific and in most cases immunocompetent individuals are asymptomatic or present mild influenza-like disease. Immunocompromised patients especially individuals with AIDS, can develop a severe and fatal disease due to fungal dissemination to many organs. Etiological agent of histoplasmosis is the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, which inhabits the soils contaminated with bird or bat droppings. Three biological varieties are considered for this fungus: H. capsulatum var. capsulatum, H. capsulatum var. duboissii and H. capsulatum var. farciminosum. Genetic differences are observed among H. capsulatum strains from diverse regions of the world. The main molecular methodologies for genetic typing of fungi are based on DNA fingerprinting. They have been an important instrument to identify possible sources of infection in outbreaks of histoplasmosis. Genetic profiles of H. capsulatum, isolated from bats and humans, helped to understand the distribution of the disease in certain endemic regions. The con-ventional diagnosis of histoplasmosis is performed by means of cultural and microscopic examination of samples from the respiratory tract and biologic fluids. However, these techniques yield positive results in only 50 % of cases. In the last two decades, approaches for the detecting of H. capsulatum in clinical samples, using different molecular targets, based on PCR assay have been developed. Their use can shorten the time span of analysis for diagnosis confirmation. Molecular methods have high specificity and sensitivity and reduce the risk of infection for the laboratory personnel. In this study we reviewed the recently published data on the use of main molecular methods for diagnosis of histoplasmosis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гистоплазмоз</kwd><kwd>Histoplasma capsulatum</kwd><kwd>молекулярные методы</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>histoplasmosis</kwd><kwd>Histoplasma capsulatum</kwd><kwd>molecular methods</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wheat L.J., Azar M.M., Bahr N.C., Spec A., Relich R.F., Hage C. 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