microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2019-3-26-33microbe-1171Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSВирус чикунгунья как возбудитель эмерджентного вирусного заболеванияChikungunya Virus as the Agent of Emergent Viral Diseasehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-0126СизиковаТ. Е.SizikovaT. E.

141306, Сергиев Посад.

Sergiev Possad, 141306.

48cnii@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-1365СахаровР. В.SakharovR. V.

141306, Сергиев Посад.

Sergiev Possad, 141306.

48cnii@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-0188ПисцовМ. Н.PistsovM. N.

141306, Сергиев Посад.

Sergiev Possad, 141306.

48cnii@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4094-3885ПащенкоЮ. И.PashchenkoYu. I.

141306, Сергиев Посад.

Sergiev Possad, 141306.

48cnii@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-4599ЛебедевВ. Н.LebedevV. N.

141306, Сергиев Посад.

Sergiev Possad, 141306.

48cnii@mil.ruБорисевичС. В.BorisevichS. V.

141306, Сергиев Посад.

Sergiev Possad, 141306.

48cnii@mil.ru48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссия48th Central Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian FederationRussian Federation201912102019032633Copyright © Сизикова Т.Е., Сахаров Р.В., Писцов М.Н., Пащенко Ю.И., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В., 20192019Сизикова Т.Е., Сахаров Р.В., Писцов М.Н., Пащенко Ю.И., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В.Sizikova T.E., Sakharov R.V., Pistsov M.N., Pashchenko Y.I., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1171

Вирус Чикунгунья является представителем рода семейства Togaviridae. Он является членом антигенного комплекса вируса леса семлики, который включает в себя антигеннородственные вирусы леса семлики, чикунгунья, O’ Ньонг-Ньонг, Росс-Ривер. вирус чикунгунья вызывает у людей острое лихорадочное заболевание, сопровождающееся миалгией и артралгией. С момента открытия возбудителя в 1952 г. описаны отдельные вспышки заболевания. С 2004 г. вспышки заболевания, вызванного вирусом Чикунгунья, приобретают глобальный характер. в настоящее время заболевание, вызванное вирусом чикунгунья, рассматривается как угроза для здравоохранения во всех странах, в которых распространены комары рода Aedes. В настоящее время выделяют четыре генотипа вируса Чикунгунья: Западно-Африканский, Южно-Африканский, Азиатский и генотип Индийского океана. Появление различных генотипов связано с появлением адаптивных мутаций в пепломерах гликопротеинов Е1 и Е2. Показано, что единственная мутация в гликопротеине Е1 (замена аланина в позиции 226 на валин) в 50-100 раз повышает вирулентность возбудителя. Эта мутация является определяющей для повышения эпидемического потенциала возбудителя. У вариантов вируса, в которых содержится данная замена, описаны и вторичные замены, повышающие вирулентность. Комары А. ciegypti являются общим вектором для всех генотипов вируса Чикунгунья, комары A. albopictus - это вектор, главным образом, для Южно-Африканского и Азиатского генотипа, играющий основную роль в повышении эпидемического потенциала вируса за последнее десятилетие. Эффективность трансмиссии вируса Чикунгунья комарами А. oegypti составляет 83,3 %, а A. albopictus - 96,7 %. Комары A. albopictus имеют более широкий ареал распространения (около 40 % всей территории суши), чем А. degypti. Показана возможность трансматериковой передачи комаров A. albopictus в ходе авиационных или морских перевозок. в обзоре рассмотрены полученные в последнее время данные об экологии, эпидемиологии и молекулярной биологии вируса Чикунгунья. Эта информация может играть важную роль в разработке стратегии создания средств профилактики и лечения.

Chikungunya virus belongs to Alphavirus genus of the Togaviridae family. It is a member of Semliki Forest virus antigenic complex that includes antigenic related Semliki Forest, Chikungunya, O’ Nyong-nyong, Ross River viruses. Chikungunya virus is the causative agent of acute febrile illness with myalgia and arthralgia in humans. Since its discovery in 1952, Chikungunya virus caused sporadic and infrequent outbreaks. Since 2004, global Chikungunya outbreaks have occurred. Now Chikungunya is viewed as a global public health issue in many countries, where Aedes mosquito vectors are widespread. Currently, four genotypes of Chikungunya virus (West African, South African, Asian and Indian Ocean) are distinguished. Appearance of different genotypes is associated with adaptive mutations in peplomers of E1 and E2 glycoproteins. It is shown, that a single mutation in E1 glycoprotein (alanin for valin substitution in 226 position) leads to increasing virus virulence (50-100 times). This mutation is instrumental for epidemic potential increase. For virus variants with this mutation, secondary substitutions enhancing viral virulence are described too. Аedes aegypti mosquitoes are common vector for all genotypes of Chikungunya virus, Аedes albopictus mosquitoes are vector, mainly, for South African and Asian genotypes. They play the leading role in epidemic potential increase over the last decade. The effectiveness of Chikungunya virus transmission by Аedes аegypti mosquitoes is 83.3 %, by Аedes albopictus mosquitoes - 96.7 %. The Аedes albopictus are more widely disseminated than Аedes аegypti (about 40 percent of all land territory). Demonstrated is the possibility of transcontinental spread of Аedes albopictus mosquitoes by aviation and naval transport. This review highlights the most recent advances in our knowledge of the ecology, epidemiology and molecular biology of Chikungunya virus. These data play an important role in the development of preventive, treatment and vaccination strategies of Chikungunya fever.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.