microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2019-3-51-57microbe-1178Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESПространственно-временной анализ циркуляции Yersinia pestis в Волго-Уральском песчаном очагеCirculation of Yersinia pestis in the Volga-Ural Sandy Focus: Spatiotemporal AnalysisЕрошенкоГ. А.EroshenkoG. A.

Саратов.

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005.

rusrapi@microbe.ruПоповН. В.PopovN. V.

Саратов.

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005.

rusrapi@microbe.ruАльховаЖ. В.AlkhovaZh. V.

Саратов.

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005.

rusrapi@microbe.ruБалыковаА. Н.BalykovaA. N.

Саратов.

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005.

rusrapi@microbe.ruКуклеваЛ. М.KuklevaL. M.

Саратов.

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005.

rusrapi@microbe.ruЧервяковаН. С.ChervyakovaN. S.

Саратов.

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005.

rusrapi@microbe.ruМайкановН. С.MaykanovN. S.

36/1, Chapaeva St., Uralsk.

pchum@mail.ruСармулдинаА. Х.SarmuldinaA. Kh.

36/1, Chapaeva St., Uralsk.

pchum@mail.ruКутыревВ. В.KutyrevV. V.

Саратов.

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005.

rusrapi@microbe.ruРоссийский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»РоссияRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe"Russian FederationУральская противочумная станция Комитета контроля качества безопасности товаров и услуг Министерства здравоохранения Республики КазахстанКазахстанUral Control Plague StationKazakhstan201913102019035157Copyright © Ерошенко Г.А., Попов Н.В., Альхова Ж.В., Балыкова А.Н., Куклева Л.М., Червякова Н.С., Майканов Н.С., Сармулдина А.Х., Кутырев В.В., 20192019Ерошенко Г.А., Попов Н.В., Альхова Ж.В., Балыкова А.Н., Куклева Л.М., Червякова Н.С., Майканов Н.С., Сармулдина А.Х., Кутырев В.В.Eroshenko G.A., Popov N.V., Alkhova Z.V., Balykova A.N., Kukleva L.M., Chervyakova N.S., Maykanov N.S., Sarmuldina A.K., Kutyrev V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1178

Цель работы - сравнительный анализ филогенетического родства штаммов Yersinia pestis, выделенных в периоды 1912-1945 и 1963-2003 гг. c различной эпидемической активностью в Волго-Уральском песчаном природном очаге, для выявления пространственно-временных закономерностей циркуляции возбудителя чумы в регионах Северного Прикаспия. Материалы и методы. Проведено исследование свойств и полногеномное секвенирование 18 штаммов Y. pestis из Волго-уральского песчаного очага и 12 штаммов из других очагов северного Прикаспия и Северного Приаралья, выделенных с 1912 по 2003 год. Филогенетический анализ выполнен по данным полногеномного SNP-анализа на основе 2188 выявленных SNPs. Поиск SNPs в коровом геноме проведен с помощью программы Wombac 2.0. Для анализа филогенетических связей штаммов использована дендрограмма Maximum Likelihood, модель GTR. Результаты и обсуждение. Все исследованные штаммы из очагов Северного Прикаспия относятся к средневековому биовару основного подвида возбудителя чумы. Это высоковирулентные и эпидемически опасные штаммы. По данным полногеномного секвенирования и филогенетического анализа 30 штаммов из Волго-Уральского песчаного и сопредельных очагов чумы установлено, что в начале XX в. на территории очага были распространены штаммы двух филогенетических ветвей средневекового биовара - 2.MED4 и 2.MED1. Доказано, что штаммы 2.MED1 являлись этиологическими агентами вспышек чумы в Волго-Уральском песчаном очаге в этот период. выявлено наличие параллельных линий эволюции в ветви 2.MED1, связанных со вспышками чумы в первой половине прошлого века. во второй половине XX и начале XXI вв. в волго-уральском песчаном очаге получила распространение современная линия эволюции ветви 2.MED1, штаммы которой тесно сгруппированы, что свидетельствует о близком генетическом родстве этих штаммов. в этот период зарегистрированы лишь спорадические случаи заболевания людей чумой. современные штаммы из волго-Уральского песчаного очага (1963-2003 гг.) и ранее выделявшиеся штаммы (1912-1945 гг.) не ведут происхождения друг от друга, а представляют близкородственные, но независимые ветви эволюции, отходящие от общего ствола ветви 2.MED1. Современные штаммы образуют отдельный кластер дендрограммы, в основании которого лежат штаммы из Северо-Приаральского пустынного очага 1945 г. Это позволяет сделать предположение о повторном заселении территории волго-Уральского песчаного очага после перерыва активности в 50-е годы прошлого столетия близкородственными штаммами из северного Приаралья.

Aim. The present paper provides a comparative analysis of the phylogenetic relationship between Yersinia pestis strains isolated in the Volga-Ural sandy natural focus during the periods of 1912-1945 and 1963-2003, which were characterised by different levels of epidemic activity, in order to identify the spatiotemporal patterns in the circulation of the plague pathogen in the North Caspian region. Materials and methods. We studied the properties and performed whole-genome sequencing of 18 Y. pestis strains from the Volga-Ural sandy focus, along with 12 strains from other foci in the North Caspian and North Aral regions, isolated from 1912 to 2003. The phylogenetic analysis was performed drawing on the whole-genome SNP analysis, which was conducted on the basis of 2188 SNPs identified in the core genome using the Wombac 2.0 program. Maximum Likelihood Dendrogram (GTR model) was used for the analysis of phylogenetic relationships between strains. Results and discussion. All studied strains from the foci of the North Caspian region belong to the main subspecies (biovar medievalis) of the plague pathogen. These are highly virulent and epidemiologically dangerous strains. The whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 30 strains from the Volga-Ural sandy focus, as well as adjacent plague foci, reveal that the strains (biovar medievalis) of two phylogenetic branches - 2.MED4 and 2.MED1 - were spread across the focus under study in the early 20th century. It is confirmed that 2.MED1 strains were the etiological agents of plague outbreaks in the Volga-Ural sandy focus during this period. The study revealed the presence of parallel evolutionary lines in 2.MED1 associated with plague outbreaks in the first half of the last century. In the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries, the modern evolutionary line of 2.MED1 became widespread in the Volga-Ural sandy focus. The strains of this line are closely grouped, which indicates their close genetic relationship. Only sporadic cases of plague were recorded during this period. Modern strains from the Volga-Ural sandy focus (1963-2003), as well as the strains previously isolated there (1912-1945), do not originate from each other. These strains represent closely related, independent evolutionary branches, extending from the common trunk of 2.MED1. Modern strains originating from those of the North Aral desert focus (1945) form a separate cluster in the dendrogram. This suggests that, following a break in the 1950s, the Volga-Ural sandy focus was recolonised by closely related strains from the North Aral region.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.