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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2020-2-98-107</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1332</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Филогения и историко-географический анализ штаммов Yersinia pestis из Вьетнама</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phylogeny and Historical-Geographical Analysis of Yersinia pestis Strains from Vietnam</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифоров</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никифоров Константин Алексеевич</p><p>410005,  Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куклева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukleva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альхова</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al’khova</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оглодин</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oglodin</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макашова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makashova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нарышкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naryshkina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусева</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseva</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерошенко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eroshenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Dang</surname><given-names>Hong Chien</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dang</surname><given-names>Hong Chien</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Dang Hong Chien</p><p>Ханой</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dang Hong Chien</p><p>Hanoi</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Lyong</surname><given-names>Thi Mo</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyong</surname><given-names>Mo Thi</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Lyong Thi Mo</p><p>Хо Ши Мин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyong Thi Mo</p><p>Ho Chi Minh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Vo</surname><given-names>Viet Kyong</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vo</surname><given-names>Viet Kyong</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Vo Viet Kyong</p><p>Ханой</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vo Viet Kyong</p><p>Hanoi</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российско-Вьетнамский Тропический научно-исследовательский и технологический центр</institution><country>Вьетнам</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technology Center</institution><country>Viet Nam</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российско-Вьетнамский Тропический научно-исследовательский и технологический центр (Южное отделение), Хо Ши Мин, Вьетнам</institution><country>Вьетнам</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technology Center (Southern Branch)</institution><country>Viet Nam</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никифоров К.А., Куклева Л.М., Альхова Ж.В., Оглодин Е.Г., Макашова М.А., Нарышкина Е.А., Гусева Н.П., Ерошенко Г.А., Dang H.C., Lyong T.M., Vo V.K., Кутырев В.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никифоров К.А., Куклева Л.М., Альхова Ж.В., Оглодин Е.Г., Макашова М.А., Нарышкина Е.А., Гусева Н.П., Ерошенко Г.А., Dang H.C., Lyong T.M., Vo V.K., Кутырев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikiforov K.A., Kukleva L.M., Al’khova Z.V., Oglodin E.G., Makashova M.A., Naryshkina E.A., Guseva N.P., Eroshenko G.A., Dang H.C., Lyong M.T., Vo V.K., Kutyrev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1332">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1332</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – выявление молекулярно-генетических особенностей, полногеномное секвенирование и фило- генетический анализ штаммов Yersinia pestis, выделенных во Вьетнаме в период 1962–1989 гг.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено изучение свойств 50 штаммов Y. pestis, полногеномное секвенирование 18 и фрагментное секвенирование 32 штаммов из Вьетнама. Филогенетический анализ выполнен по данным полногеномного SNP- анализа на основе 1391 выявленного SNP. Полногеномный SNP-анализ и поиск маркерных SNPs выполняли с помощью программы Wombac 2.0. Построение филогенетического дерева проводили с использованием алгоритма Maximum Likelihood.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Определено наличие нескольких филогенетических ветвей и популяций Y. pestis, соответствующих географическому и историческому распространению штаммов. Основная часть штаммов из Вьетнама относится к ветви, обозначенной нами 1.ORI2v. Два штамма составляют отдельную ветвь вместе со штаммом из Индии линии 1.ORI2, еще один штамм 55-801 Saigon располагается обособленно среди штаммов линии 1.ORI1. На основании полученных данных и литературных источников можно предполо- жить, что проникновение чумы во Вьетнам происходило несколько раз: в город Нячанг в 1898 г. морским путем, в северные провинции страны – в 1908 г. Вторая волна распространения штаммов Y. pestis по территории Вьетнама началась с 60-х годов XX в. с появлением штаммов из природного очага чумы в провинции Юньнань в Китае.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective of the work was to identify molecular-genetic peculiarities, to conduct whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Yersinia pestis strains isolated inVietnam between 1962 and 1989.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We have studied the properties of 50 Y. pestis strains, carried out whole genome sequencing of 18 and fragment sequencing of 32 strains from Vietnam. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the basis of whole genome SNPanalysis by 1391 identified SNPs. Whole genome SNP-analysis and search for marker SNPs were conducted applying Wombac 2.0 software package. Phylogenetic diagram construction was done using Maximum Likelihood algorithm.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Several phylogenetic branches and Y. pestis populations coinciding with geographical and historical dissemination of the strains have been distinguished. The major part of the strains from Vietnam falls under the branch designated by us as 1.ORI2v. Two strains form a separate branch together with the strain from India belonging to 1.ORI2 line, one more strain, 55-801 Saigon, is set among the strains of 1.ORI1 line. Based on the data obtained and evidence from the literature sources it can be assumed that introduction of plague into Vietnam occurred through several waves: Nha Trang city in 1898, by sea; north provinces of the country – 1908. The second wave of Y. pestis dissemination across the territory of Vietnam began in 1960s with the emergence of the strains from the natural plague focus in Yunnan province, China.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чума</kwd><kwd>популяционная структура</kwd><kwd>филогения</kwd><kwd>восточный биовар</kwd><kwd>Вьетнам</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plague</kwd><kwd>population structure</kwd><kwd>phylogeny</kwd><kwd>oriental biovar</kwd><kwd>Vietnam</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cavanaugh D.C., Dangerfield H.G., Hunter D.H., Joy R.J., Marshall Jr J.D., Quy D.V., Vivona S., Winter P.E. Some observations on the current plague outbreak in the Republic of Vietnam. Amer. J. Public. Health. 1968; 58(4):42–52. 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