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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2020-3-70-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1366</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ геномного разнообразия SARS-CoV-2 и эпидемиологических признаков адаптации возбудителя COVID-19 к человеческой популяции (Сообщение 1)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genomic Diversity Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and Epidemiological Features of Adaptation of COVID-19 Agent to Human Population (Communication 1)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-2394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснов</surname><given-names>Я. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnov</surname><given-names>Ya. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-5307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 127994, Москва, Вадковский переулок, дом 18, строение 5 и 7</p><p>Российская Федерация, 125993, Москва, ул. Б аррикадная, 2/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18, Bld. 5 and 7, Vadkovsky Pereulok, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation</p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9563-2833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафронов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safronov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баданин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badanin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1143-4069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-3452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека;&#13;
Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare;&#13;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Краснов Я.М., Попова А.Ю., Сафронов В.А., Федоров А.В., Баданин Д.В., Щербакова С.А., Кутырев В.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Краснов Я.М., Попова А.Ю., Сафронов В.А., Федоров А.В., Баданин Д.В., Щербакова С.А., Кутырев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krasnov Y.M., Popova A.Y., Safronov V.A., Fedorov A.V., Badanin D.V., Shcherbakova S.A., Kutyrev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1366">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1366</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – изучение эволюции генома вируса SARS-CoV-2 при адаптации к организму человека в период текущей пандемии.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использовалась база данных (GISAID) по нуклеотидным последовательностям геномов вируса SARS-CoV-2, полученных из образцов клинического материала в период с конца декабря 2019 по июль 2020 г. Построение филогенетических деревьев проводили с помощью программного обеспечения BioNumerics 7.6 с использованием алгоритма максимальной экономии (maximum parsimony).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Самым существенным устойчивым изменением в геномах вируса SARS-CoV-2 являются связанные единичные мутации в гене ORF1b (P314L) и гене S (D614G), в результате чего к настоящему времени подавляющее большинство выявляемых изолятов этого вируса имеет данную пару замен. Замена в гене S (D614G) многими исследователями ассоциируется со снижением патогенности содержащих ее штаммов, что, однако, может быть объяснено и улучшением методологии лечения больных в ходе пандемии. Влияние мутации в гене ORF1b (P314L) еще не изучено. Мутации P314L и D614G тесно связаны, и только их совместное присутствие в геноме дало преимущество для распространения данным геновариантам вируса SARS-CoV-2. Анализ обобщенных эпидемиологических данных свидетельствует о том, что распространение новых геновариантов вируса может быть связано с их биологическими свойствами, облегчающими передачу от человека к человеку, при этом ассоциированное снижение летальности может отражать не только прогресс в методах лечения, но и вероятное ослабление вирулентных свойств. Наблюдаемое увеличение потенциала распространения на фоне признаков снижения вирулентности, вероятно, является основной формой адаптации нового коронавируса к человеческой популяции и, повидимому, будет продолжаться в дальнейшем в виде интеграции SARS-CoV-2 в структуру сезонных возбудителей ОРВИ. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the process of adapting to human organism duringthe current pandemic.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Database (GISAID) on nucleotide sequences of SARS-CoV-2 virus genome, obtained from clinical samples during the period of late December, 2019–July, 2020. Phylogenetic tree diagram construction was carried out applying BioNumerics v.7.6 software using Maximum parsimony algorithm.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The most substantial change in the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 virus are associated one-time mutations in ORF1b (P314L) and S (D614G) genes, as a result of which the overwhelming majority of identified isolates of this virus have the stated pair of substitutions to date. Many researches link the substitution in S (D614G) gene to the decreased pathogenicity in the strains that contain it, which may be also explained by enhanced methodology of patient treatment in the course of pandemic. The effect of the mutation in ORF1b (P314L) gene has not yet been investigated. P314L and D614G mutations are closely related and only their combined presence in the genome favored the dissemination of the genovariants of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Analysis of congregated epidemiological data testifies to the fact that the spread of new genovariants may be associated with biological properties facilitating human-to-human transmission. Thereat, associated decrease in lethality may reflect not only advancements in methods of treatment, but possible attenuation of virulent properties. Thus, observed growth in dissemination potential against the background of decrease in virulence is, probably, one of the forms of adaptation of new coronavirus to human population and, apparently, will remain in the future as the integration of SARS-CoV-2 virus into the structure of seasonal ARVI agents.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>пандемия</kwd><kwd>передача от человека человеку</kwd><kwd>вирулентность</kwd><kwd>эволюция возбудителя</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>human-to-human transmission</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd><kwd>evolution of the agent</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторский коллектив выражает глубокую признательность члену-корреспонденту РАН , доктору биологических наук Нетёсову Сергею Викторовичу, за объективные комментарии, сделанные по содержанию статьи, учет которых позволил сделать работу существенно сильнее и убедительнее.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui J., Li F., Shi Z.-L. 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