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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2020-4-70-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1407</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формирование нейтрофильных внеклеточных ловушек при моделировании чумной инфекции у мышей, иммунизированных Yersinia pestis EV НИИЭГ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps when Modeling Plague Infection in Mice Immunized with Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9016-6578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравцов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravtsov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9994-7936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7548-4845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бугоркова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bugorkova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Девдариани</surname><given-names>З. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Devdariani</surname><given-names>Z. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-7027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожевников</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhevnikov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кравцов А.Л., Гончарова А.Ю., Бугоркова С.А., Девдариани З.Л., Кожевников В.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кравцов А.Л., Гончарова А.Ю., Бугоркова С.А., Девдариани З.Л., Кожевников В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kravtsov A.L., Goncharova A.Y., Bugorkova S.A., Devdariani Z.L., Kozhevnikov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1407">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1407</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – определить влияние Yersinia pestis EV НИИЭГ на процесс формирования нейтрофильных внеклеточных ловушек in vivo при моделировании чумной инфекции и оценить их вклад в противочумную защиту.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе использовали мышей линии ВАLB/c, которых подкожно иммунизировали культурой вакцинного штамма Y. pestis EV НИИЭГ. Заражали животных вирулентным штаммом Y. pestis 231 в дозе 20 LD50 (103  КОЕ). Для оценки вклада нейтрофильных внеклеточных ловушек (НВЛ) в антибактериальную защиту применяли экспериментальную модель, основанную на расщеплении НВЛ в брюшной полости мышей нуклеазой. Для подсчета числа НВЛ в перитонеальном экссудате (ПЭ) использовали люминесцентную микроскопию. Фагоцитарную активность клеток ПЭ определяли с помощью проточной цитометрии. Бактериологическим методом регистрировали бактерицидный эффект НВЛ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и выводы</title><p>Результаты и выводы. У предварительно иммунизированных мышей процесс формирования НВЛ в ответ на повторное введение живых клеток чумного микроба был в 5 раз интенсивнее, чем у интактных животных и сопровождался существенным усилением киллинга клеток Y. pestis в ПЭ. Применение в эксперименте для расщепления образующихся в организме иммунизированных животных НВЛ микрококковой нуклеазы позволило получить доказательства участия НВЛ в обеспечении антиинфекционной защиты от чумной инфекции. Таким образом, установленный факт формирования НВЛ при заражении Y. pestis мышей, иммунизированных вакцинным штаммом Y. pestis EV НИИЭГ, и влияния этого процесса на эффективность защиты от чумы является основанием для дальнейшего уточнения иммунопатогенетической роли нейтрофильных гранулоцитов при чуме. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG on the process of neutrophil extracellular traps formation in vivo when modeling plague infection and assess their contribution to antiplague protection.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. BALB/c mice, which were immunized subcutaneously with the Y. pestis EV NIIEG vaccine strain, were used in the study. Animals were infected with a virulent strain Y. pestis 231 at a dose of 20 LD50 (103 CFU). To evaluate the contribution of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to antibacterial protection, an experimental model was used based on fermenting NETs in the abdominal cavity of mice with nuclease. To calculate the number of NETs in peritoneal exudate (PE) fluorescent microscopy was applied. Phagocytic activity of PE cells was determined by flow cytometry. Bactericidal effect of NETs was recorded using bacteriological method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In pre-immunized mice, the process of NETs formation in response to the reintroduction of plague microbe living cells was 5 times more intense than in intact animals and was accompanied by a significant increase in the killing of Y. pestis cells in PE. The use of micrococcus nuclease in the experiment for fermentation of the NETs, produced in the body of immunized animals, provided evidence of NET participation in conferring anti-infective protection against plague infection. Thus, the established fact of the NET formation in case of Y. pestis infection of mice immunized with Y. pestis EV NIIEG vaccine strain and the influence of this process on the effectiveness of protection against plague is the basis for further clarifying the immunopathogenetic role of neutrophil granulocytes in plague. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чумная инфекция</kwd><kwd>вакцинный штамм Yersinia pestis EV НИИЭГ</kwd><kwd>нейтрофильные внеклеточные ловушки</kwd><kwd>бактерицидность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plague infection</kwd><kwd>vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG</kwd><kwd>neutrophil extracellular traps</kwd><kwd>bactericidal activity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исачкова Л.М., Плехова Н.Г. К развитию представлений об антиинфекционной резистентности. 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