microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2014-2-73-79microbe-143Research ArticleМИКРОБИОЛОГИЯMICROBIOLOGYСовременные методы секвенирования ДНК (обзор)Modern Methods of DNA Sequencing (Scientific Review)КрасновЯ. М.KrasnovYa. M.rusrapi@microbe.ruГусеваН. П.GusevaN. P.rusrapi@microbe.ruШараповаН. А.SharapovaN. A.rusrapi@microbe.ruЧеркасовА. В.CherkasovA. V.rusrapi@microbe.ruРоссийский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»РоссияRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”Russian Federation201420062014027379Copyright © Краснов Я.М., Гусева Н.П., Шарапова Н.А., Черкасов А.В., 20142014Краснов Я.М., Гусева Н.П., Шарапова Н.А., Черкасов А.В.Krasnov Y.M., Guseva N.P., Sharapova N.A., Cherkasov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/143

Стремительно развивающиеся технологии секвенирования создали возможность определения нуклеотидной последовательности ДНК полного индивидуального генома человека всего за несколько недель. Производительность некоторых секвенаторов измеряется уже многими сотнями миллиардов пар оснований за рабочий цикл. В обзоре рассмотрены принципы и аналитические возможности современных методов секвенирования ДНК, которые условно разделены на три основных вида: классические - секвенирование с помощью капиллярного электрофореза и пиросеквенирование; новые («второго» поколения - Next Generation Sequencing - NGS) - проводят одновременно секвенирование миллионов фрагментов ДНК, каждый из которых представлен кластером из многих тысяч или сотен тысяч своих клонов - это высокопроизводительное пиросеквенирование, циклическое лигазное и полупроводниковое секвенирование; секвенирование на молекулярных кластерах с использованием флуоресцентно меченных предшественников; новейшие («третьего» поколения - Next-Next Generation Sequencing - NNGS) методы секвенирования, которые считывают информацию с миллионов единичных фрагментов ДНК без их предварительного клонирования.

Rapidly developing sequencing technologies have provided the possibility for identification of a DNA nucleotide sequence of a whole individual human genome just in a couple of weeks. Working capacity of some sequencers is already measured in thousands of milliards of base pairs per an operating cycle. Reviewed have been the basic principles and analytical potential of the modern methods for DNA sequencing which are nominally subdivided into three major types: classical - capillary electrophoresis sequencing and pyrosequencing, novel (Next Generation Sequencing - NGS) - simultaneous sequencing of millions of DNA fragments, each one of which is a cluster containing many thousands or hundreds of thousands of their clones - high-performance pyrosequencing, cyclic ligase and semiconducting sequencing, molecular-cluster-based sequencing using fluorescent-labeled precursors; and cutting-edge methods - (Next-Next Generation Sequencing - NNGS) - the ones that read millions of single DNA fragments without pre-cloning.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.