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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2021-2-6-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1467</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лабораторная диагностика бешенства. Современное состояние и направление развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Laboratory Diagnosis of Rabies. Current State and Trends in Development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-3919</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисевич</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisevich</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писцов</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pistsov</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4387-0367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубцов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubtsov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-1368</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутаев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutaev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суровяткин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surovyatkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бережной</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezhnoy</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-2085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3072-9110</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantsev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6766-1917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маношкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manoshkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7674-2321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кротков</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotkov</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-1365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахаров</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чухраля</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chukhralya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2606-5705</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хмуренко</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khmurenko</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5175-916X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савенко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поярков</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poyarkov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>48 Central Scientific Research Institute. 11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, 141306</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>48th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Борисевич С.В., Писцов М.Н., Рубцов В.В., Кутаев Д.А., Суровяткин А.В., Бережной А.М., Петров А.А., Казанцев А.В., Зверев А.Ю., Маношкин А.В., Кротков В.Т., Сахаров Р.В., Чухраля О.В., Хмуренко С.Н., Савенко С.В., Поярков А.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Борисевич С.В., Писцов М.Н., Рубцов В.В., Кутаев Д.А., Суровяткин А.В., Бережной А.М., Петров А.А., Казанцев А.В., Зверев А.Ю., Маношкин А.В., Кротков В.Т., Сахаров Р.В., Чухраля О.В., Хмуренко С.Н., Савенко С.В., Поярков А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borisevich S.V., Pistsov M.N., Rubtsov V.V., Kutaev D.A., Surovyatkin A.V., Berezhnoy A.M., Petrov A.A., Kazantsev A.V., Zverev A.Y., Manoshkin A.V., Krotkov V.T., Sakharov R.V., Chukhralya O.V., Khmurenko S.N., Savenko S.V., Poyarkov A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1467">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1467</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре рассмотрены актуальные аспекты лабораторной диагностики бешенства. Приведены методы лабораторной диагностики рабической инфекции, стандартизованные ВОЗ в 2018 г., и их применение на территории Российской Федерации. Показана схема лабораторной диагностики бешенства, применяемая специалистами ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России для исследования поступивших проб биологического материала от погибших людей. В период 2002–2018 гг. изучение биоматериала проводили при помощи молекулярно-биологического, вирусологического методов диагностики и в некоторых случаях электронной микроскопии, что позволило выявить и идентифицировать возбудитель в 257 пробах от 71 человека, паспортизовать и депонировать новые изоляты вируса бешенства. Накопление и анализ опыта применения молекулярно-биологического метода диагностики бешенства позволяют рекомендовать к использованию наборы ОТ-ПЦР, ОТ-ПЦР-РВ (имеющие удостоверение о государственной регистрации) в практике здравоохранения и ветеринарии для идентификации возбудителя рабической инфекции. Применение молекулярно-биологических методов представляется перспективным в плане развития диагностики бешенства для совершенствования эпидемиологического надзора и повышения эффективности системы биологической защиты населения Российской Федерации. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review considers the relevant aspects of laboratory diagnosis of rabies. The methods of laboratory diagnostics of rabies infection, standardized by WHO in 2018, and their use in the Russian Federation are presented. The scheme of laboratory diagnostics of rabies, applied by specialists of the “48th CRI” of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, for the study of biological samples from deceased people is outlined. Between 2002 and 2018, the study of biomaterial was carried out using molecular-biological, virological methods of diagnosis and in some cases electron microscopy, which allowed to detect and identify the pathogen in 257 samples from 71 people, to certify and deposit new isolates of the rabies virus. Accumulation and analysis of the lessons learned in the application of molecular-biological method of rabies diagnosis allows us to recommend the use of RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR sets (having a certificate of state registration) in healthcare and veterinary medicine practice to identify the causative agent of rabies infection. The use of molecular-biological methods is promising in terms of the development of rabies diagnosis to improve epidemiological surveillance and raise the efficiency of the biological protection of the population of the Russian Federation. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бешенство</kwd><kwd>уличный вирус бешенства</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rabies</kwd><kwd>street rabies virus</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization 2018. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp/ (дата обращения 20.11.2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization 2018. (Cited 20 Nov 2018). 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