microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2021-2-24-32microbe-1469Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСовременные лабораторные методы выявления возбудителя желтой лихорадкиAdvanced Laboratory Methods for Detecting Yellow Fever Pathogenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5181-0415КривошеинаЕ. И.KrivosheinaE. I.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-6822КарташовМ. Ю.KartashovM. Yu.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово;

Новосибирск

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559;

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6474-3696НайденоваЕ. В.NaidenovaE. V.

410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005

rusrapi@microbe.ruФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»РоссияState Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”Russian FederationФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»; Новосибирский государственный университетРоссияState Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian FederationФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»РоссияRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”Russian Federation202119072021022432Copyright © Кривошеина Е.И., Карташов М.Ю., Найденова Е.В., 20212021Кривошеина Е.И., Карташов М.Ю., Найденова Е.В.Krivosheina E.I., Kartashov M.Y., Naidenova E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1469

Желтая лихорадка является острым инфекционным заболеванием вирусной природы, возбудитель которого передается трансмиссивным путем через укусы инфицированных комаров. Массовые эпидемии, вызванные вирусом желтой лихорадки, ежегодно отмечаются в странах Африки, Южной и Центральной Америки. Регистрируются завозные случаи и на неэндемичных территориях. В обзоре приведены имеющиеся в настоящее время литературные данные о распространении, строении и классификации вируса желтой лихорадки, выявлении его генетических вариантов в зависимости от географического распространения, а также о современных способах индикации и идентификации возбудителя в материале от больных и погибших людей. Рассматривается возможность применения вирусологических, иммуно-серологических и молекулярно-генетических методов для диагностики желтой лихорадки в разные периоды от начала болезни и при ретроспективных исследованиях. Приведены перечни диагностических препаратов отечественного и зарубежного производства для выявления маркеров возбудителей (антиген, РНК), а также специфических антител классов IgM и IgG, которые разрешены для применения на территории Российской Федерации и за рубежом. Показана актуальность дальнейшей разработки, совершенствования и внедрения в лабораторную практику наборов реагентов, позволяющих в короткие сроки, с высокой эффективностью и специфичностью обнаружить вирус желтой лихорадки в материале от больных людей, что поможет быстро установить диагноз и провести своевременные противоэпидемические мероприятия, а также определить уровень иммунной прослойки населения эндемичных регионов к возбудителю и оценить эффективность иммунизации для вакцинированного контингента. 

Yellow fever is an acute infectious disease of viral nature, the causative agent of which is vector-borne –is transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Massive epidemics caused by the yellow fever virus are observed in the countries of Africa, South and Central America annually. Imported cases are also registered in non-endemic territories. The review presents the currently available data on the distribution, structure and classification of the yellow fever virus, the identification of its genetic variants depending on the geographical distribution, as well as modern methods of detection and identification of the pathogen in samples taken from sick and dead people. It considers the possibility of using virological, immunoserological and molecular-genetic methods for the diagnosis of yellow fever in different periods from the onset of the disease and in retrospective studies. The lists of diagnostic drugs of domestic and foreign production for the detection of agent markers (antigen, RNA), as well as specific antibodies of IgM and IgG classes, approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation, are provided. The relevance of further development, improvement and introduction into laboratory practice of reagent kits that allow to detect the yellow fever virus in samples from sick people in a short time, with high efficiency and specificity is demonstrated. This will help to establish a diagnosis promptly and conduct timely anti-epidemic measures, as well as to determine the level of the population stratum immune to the pathogen in endemic regions and evaluate the effectiveness of immunization for the vaccinated contingent. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.