microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2021-2-33-40microbe-1470Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОбзор эпизоотологической ситуации по высокопатогенному гриппу птиц в России в 2020 г.Overview of the Epizootiological Situation on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Russia in 2020МарченкоВ. Ю.MarchenkoV. Yu.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo

marchenko_vyu@vector.nsc.ruГончароваН. И.GoncharovaN. I.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-5749ГавриловаЕ. В.GavrilovaE. V.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-281XМаксютовР. А.MaksyutovR. A.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo

РыжиковА. Б.RyzhikovA. B.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo

ФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор», р.п. КольцовоРоссияState Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”Russian FederationФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»РоссияState Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”Russian Federation202119072021023340Copyright © Марченко В.Ю., Гончарова Н.И., Гаврилова Е.В., Максютов Р.А., Рыжиков А.Б., 20212021Марченко В.Ю., Гончарова Н.И., Гаврилова Е.В., Максютов Р.А., Рыжиков А.Б.Marchenko V.Y., Goncharova N.I., Gavrilova E.V., Maksyutov R.A., Ryzhikov A.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1470

В обзоре рассмотрена современная ситуация по высокопатогенному вирусу гриппа птиц в 2020 г. и сделан прогноз возможного дальнейшего распространения вирусов на территории России. В 2020 г. в мире отмечена циркуляция разнообразных вариантов вируса, имеющих важное эпизоотологическое и эпидемиологическое значение. Вспышки инфекционных заболеваний, вызванные высокопатогенными вирусами гриппа, зарегистрированы более чем в 30 странах. Помимо этого, зафиксированы случаи инфицирования людей вирусами гриппа подтипов A/H5Nx и A/H9N2. В России в 2020 г. зарегистрирована масштабная эпизоотия, которая затронула более десяти регионов. Вспышки заболевания среди диких и домашних птиц были вызваны высокопатогенным вариантом вируса гриппа A/H5N8 клады 2.3.4.4b. В результате эпизоотии погибло или было уничтожено более 1,5 млн голов сельскохозяйственной птицы. Выявлено, что некоторые штаммы вируса гриппа, выделенные в России, имели высокую степень идентичности со штаммами, циркулировавшими в Европе и Юго-Восточной Азии. Таким образом, в очередной раз показано, что территория России играет важную географическую роль в глобальном распространении вируса гриппа птиц. 

This review describes the current situation on highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in 2020 and provides forecast of the possible further spread of avian influenza in Russia. In 2020, the circulation of a wide variety of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtypes which have epizootiological and epidemiological significance was recorded in the world. Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza were reported in over 30 countries. Apart from this, human infections with influenza viruses of the A/H5Nx and A/H9N2 subtypes were reported. There was a large-scale epizootic in Russia in 2020, which affected more than 10 regions. Outbreaks among wild birds and poultry were caused by the highly pathogenic influenza virus A/H5N8 of clade 2.3.4.4b. As a result of those outbreaks, more than 1.5 mil. poultry were killed or perished. It was revealed that strains of the influenza virus isolated in Russia have a high degree of identity with the strains circulating in Europe and Southeast Asia. Thus, it was shown again that the territory of Russia plays an important role in the global spread of avian influenza virus. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.