microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2021-3-13-22microbe-1543Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSАнализ результатов клинических испытаний рекомбинантного вируса вакцины, штамм MVA, экспрессирующего гены вируса иммунодефицита человекаThe Results of Clinical Trials of Recombinant Vaccine Virus, MVA Strain, Expressing Genes of Human Immunodeficiency VirusСтовбаЛ. Ф.StovbaL. F.

Российская Федерация, 141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11

11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Possad-6, Moscow region, Russian Federation, 141306

МельниковС. А.Mel’nikovS. A.

Российская Федерация, 141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11

11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Possad-6, Moscow region, Russian Federation, 141306

ПавельевД. И.Paveli’evD. I.

Российская Федерация, 141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11

11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Possad-6, Moscow region, Russian Federation, 141306

КротковВ. Т.KrotkovV. T.

Российская Федерация, 141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11

11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Possad-6, Moscow region, Russian Federation, 141306

ЧерниковаН. К.ChernikovaN. K.

Российская Федерация, 141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11

11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Possad-6, Moscow region, Russian Federation, 141306

ЛебедевВ. Н.LebedevV. N.

Российская Федерация, 141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11

11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Possad-6, Moscow region, Russian Federation, 141306

БорисевичС. В.BorisevichS. V.

Российская Федерация, 141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, 11

11, Oktyabrskaya St., Sergiev Possad-6, Moscow region, Russian Federation, 141306

ФГБУ «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссия48th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202122102021031322Copyright © Стовба Л.Ф., Мельников С.А., Павельев Д.И., Кротков В.Т., Черникова Н.К., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В., 20212021Стовба Л.Ф., Мельников С.А., Павельев Д.И., Кротков В.Т., Черникова Н.К., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В.Stovba L.F., Mel’nikov S.A., Paveli’ev D.I., Krotkov V.T., Chernikova N.K., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1543

Успехи антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ) превратили синдром приобретенного иммунодефицита (СПИД) из некогда смертельной болезни в вяло прогрессирующее заболевание, однако его профилактика и терапия попрежнему остаются одной из важнейших социально значимых проблем. Увеличение числа пациентов, инфицированных вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ), особенно в США, Южной Америке и Европе, диктует насущную необходимость создания вакцины. Существующая практика вакцинации показала эффективность схем праймирования/бустирования для формирования выраженного иммунного ответа. Поскольку антивекторный иммунитет праймирующего вектора может ограничивать ответ при бустерной вакцинации той же вакциной, при иммунизации используют гетерологичные векторные конструкции. Идеальная вакцина против СПИДа должна не только предотвращать диссеминацию вируса и контролировать его репликацию, но и быть безопасной для ВИЧ-инфицированного контингента. Вакцинация у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов применяется для увеличения иммуноопосредованной элиминации персистентно ВИЧ-инфицированных CD4+ Т-клеток на протяжении длительной АРТ с целью удаления латентно инфицированных вирусных резервуаров. В обзоре анализируются результаты испытаний ДНК-анти-ВИЧ/СПИД вакцин и рекомбинантного штамма MVA вируса вакцины, экспрессирующих различные сочетания генов ВИЧ, которые показали безопасность и хорошую переносимость вакцинации как не инфицированными ВИЧ, так и ВИЧ-инфицированными волонтерами. При анализируемых схемах вакцинации индуцировался клеточный и гуморальный иммунные ответы у всех волонтеров. И хотя нет данных о том, что не инфицированные ВИЧ волонтеры, отобранные из групп невысокого поведенческого риска, заболевали СПИДом, на настоящий момент нет оснований, чтобы сделать вывод о достаточности индуцированного иммунного ответа для профилактики риска возможного заражения ВИЧ

Although successes in antiretroviral therapy (ART) turned AIDS from lethal illness into sluggishly progressing disease, its prevention and treatment remain one of the most socially significant concerns. The increase in the number of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in the USA, South America and Europe, determines the need in creating a vaccine against this disease. Existing vaccination practice has demonstrated efficiency of priming/boosting scheme for the development of immune responses. As anti-vector immunity of priming vector can constrain the response to boosting immunization with the same vaccine, heterologous priming/boosting vector constructs are used. An ideal AIDS vaccine would prevent virus dissemination and control viral replication, but it also must be safe for HIV-infected contingent. The vaccination of HIV-infected individuals is used for enhancing immune-mediated elimination of persistently HIV-infected CD4+ Т-cells during long-term ART in order to purge the latently infected viral reservoirs. The paper considers the results of clinical trials of DNA-anti-HIV/AIDS vaccines and recombinant MVA strain of vaccinia virus, expressing different combination of HIV genes, which demonstrated the safety and tolerability both, in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected volunteers. All implemented schedules of vaccination induced cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in all volunteers. And though there are no data on acquiring AIDS by HIV-uninfected volunteers from groups at low risk of HIV-infection, there are no grounds to conclude the sufficiency of induced protection for the prevention of possible HIV infection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.