microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2021-3-33-39microbe-1545Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСлучаи заражения ортопоксвирусными инфекциями в мире за период 2008–2018 ггCases of Orthopoxviral Infections around the World over a Period of 2008–2018https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9608-2044ТрегубчакТ. В.TregubchakT. V.

Российская Федерация, 630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4954-9905БауэрТ. В.BauerT. V.

Российская Федерация, 630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russian Federation

bauer_tv@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-281XМаксютовР. А.MaksyutovR. A.

Российская Федерация, 630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-5749ГавриловаЕ. В.GavrilovaE. V.

Российская Федерация, 630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russian Federation

ФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»РоссияState Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”Russian Federation202122102021033339Copyright © Трегубчак Т.В., Бауэр Т.В., Максютов Р.А., Гаврилова Е.В., 20212021Трегубчак Т.В., Бауэр Т.В., Максютов Р.А., Гаврилова Е.В.Tregubchak T.V., Bauer T.V., Maksyutov R.A., Gavrilova E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1545

Ликвидация натуральной оспы, ежегодно уносившей миллионы человеческих жизней, стала одним из величайших успехов современной науки в области здравоохранения. Это беспрецедентное достижение стало возможным лишь благодаря повсеместной вакцинации населения. Так, последний случай заражения человека вирусом натуральной оспы произошел в 1977 г., а уже в 1980 г. на 33-й сессии Всемирной ассамблеи здравоохранения рутинную вакцинацию против данной инфекции рекомендовано прекратить ввиду тяжелых поствакцинальных осложнений. Однако человечество остается уязвимым перед другими близкородственными к вирусу натуральной оспы ортопоксвирусными инфекциями. В последнее время участились случаи заражения людей такими вирусами, как вирус оспы обезьян, вирус оспы коров, вирус осповакцины, также зарегистрированы случаи заражения людей ранее неизвестными видами ортопоксвирусов. Циркулирующие в природе патогенные для человека зоонозные ортопоксвирусы требуют детального изучения и мониторинга ввиду возможности возникновения новых видов, появление которых на фоне прекращения плановой вакцинации населения против вируса натуральной оспы может привести к возникновению высокопатогенных для человека вариантов вируса. В данном обзоре представлена информация о случаях заражения людей ортопоксвирусными инфекциями в мире за период 2008–2018 гг., показаны эпидемиологический анамнез и связь между случаями заражения людей в разных странах, обусловленная циркуляцией вирусов на обширной территории, перемещением людей между странами, контактами людей с домашними и дикими животными. Также в статье представлена информация о заражении людей ранее неизвестными видами ортопоксвирусов.

The eradication of smallpox has become one of the greatest successes of modern health science. This great achievement was made possible thanks to the widespread vaccination of the population. The last case of human infection with smallpox virus occurred in 1977. In 1980, at the 33rd session of the World Health Assembly, routine vaccination against that infection was recommended to be discontinued due to severe post-vaccination complications. However, humanity remains vulnerable to other orthopoxvirus infections closely related to smallpox virus. Recently, the cases of human infection with ortopoxviruses such as monkeypox virus, cowpox virus, vaccinia virus have become more frequent. Also, cases of infection of people with previously unknown orthopoxvirus species are recorded. Zoonotic orthopoxviruses pathogenic for humans, circulating in nature, require a detailed study and monitoring of the emergence of new strains. Their occurrence against the background of the cessation of planned vaccination of the population against smallpox virus can lead to the emergence of new highly pathogenic viruses. This review contains information on cases of human infection with orthopoxviruses around the world for the period 2008–2018. It also describes epidemiological anamnesis and the relations between cases of human infection in different countries due to the spread of viruses over a wide area, the movement of people between countries, population contacts with domestic and wild animals. Also, this paper provides information on the infection of people with previously unknown strains of orthopoxviruses.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.