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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2022-1-6-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1652</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетическое разнообразие семейства Francisellaceae, анализ ситуации по заболеваемости туляремией на территории Российской Федерации в 2021 г.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic Diversity of the Family Francisellaceae, Analysis of the situation on tularemia Incidence in the Russian Federation in 2021, and Forecast for 2022</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-2376</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцева</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtseva</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142279, Московская обл., р.п. Оболенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4476-7831</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127490, Москва, ул. Мусоргского, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4, Mussorgskogo St., Moscow, 127490</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">protivochym@nln.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3675-8780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мокриевич</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokrievich</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142279, Московская обл., р.п. Оболенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mokrievich@obolensk.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7034-5125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликалова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikalova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4, Mussorgskogo St., Moscow, 127490</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9344-3542</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Холин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kholin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4, Mussorgskogo St., Moscow, 127490</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-4757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазепа</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazepa</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4, Mussorgskogo St., Moscow, 127490</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4896-9369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Транквилевский</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trankvilevsky</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117105, Москва, Варшавское шоссе, 19а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>19a, Varshavskoe highway, Moscow, 117105</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gsen@fcgsen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-0462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Храмов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khramov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142279, Московская обл., р.п. Оболенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-4585</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дятлов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyatlov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142279, Московская обл., р.п. Оболенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ Противочумный центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plague Control Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт Сибири и Дальнего Востока</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia and Far East</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ Федеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудрявцева Т.Ю., Попов В.П., Мокриевич А.Н., Куликалова Е.С., Холин А.В., Мазепа А.В., Транквилевский Д.В., Храмов М.В., Дятлов И.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудрявцева Т.Ю., Попов В.П., Мокриевич А.Н., Куликалова Е.С., Холин А.В., Мазепа А.В., Транквилевский Д.В., Храмов М.В., Дятлов И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudryavtseva T.Y., Popov V.P., Mokrievich A.N., Kulikalova E.S., Kholin A.V., Mazepa А.V., Trankvilevsky D.V., Khramov M.V., Dyatlov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1652">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1652</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре кратко изложена текущая систематика наиболее известных штаммов видов семейства Francisellaceae. Из-за значительного генетического разнообразия в семействе обнаружение Francisella tularensis, особенно в образцах из окружающей среды, становится еще более сложной задачей и возможно получение ложноположительных результатов. Показано сравнение уровня заболеваемости за пять лет в России и странах Европы, в которых ежегодно регистрируются наибольшие эпидемические проявления туляремии, а именно в Швеции, Финляндии, Норвегии и Чехии. В обзоре приведена сравнительная динамика заболеваемости туляремией за последние годы на территориях федеральных округов Российской Федерации. Представлена динамика заболеваемости туляремией при эпидемических вспышках в Республике Карелия и Омской области в последние годы. На территории Российской Федерации в 2021 г. зарегистрировано 17 случаев инфицирования человека возбудителем туляремии. Эпизоотические проявления инфекции различной степени интенсивности выявлены в 45 субъектах. На этом фоне спорадические случаи заболевания людей туляремией зарегистрированы в 11 регионах страны. Выделено 6 культур Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica из разных видов клещей на территориях Красноярского края, Республики Алтай и Алтайского края. На основании анализа представленных данных наиболее вероятны в 2022 г. эпидемические осложнения в виде спорадических случаев заболевания среди невакцинированного населения на территориях: Центрального федерального округа – в Воронежской, Рязанской, Смоленской областях и г. Москве; Северо-Западного федерального округа – в Архангельской области, Республике Карелия и г. Санкт-Петербурге; Приволжского федерального округа – на территориях Самарской, Кировской областей и Республики Татарстан; Уральского федерального округа – в Ханты-Мансийском и Ямало-Ненецком автономных округах; Сибирского федерального округа – на территориях отдельных районов Кемеровской, Новосибирской, Омской и Томской областей, Алтайского и Красноярского краев.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review briefly outlines the current taxonomy of the most studied strains of the species belonging to the family Francisellaceae. Due to the significant genetic diversity within the family, the detection of Francisella tularensis, especially in environmental samples, becomes even more difficult and may lead to false positive results. A comparison of the incidence rates in European countries, in which the extensive epidemic manifestations of tularemia are recorded annually, namely Sweden, Finland, Norway and the Czech Republic, and in Russia over the past five years is provided. The paper presents the comparative dynamics of tularemia incidence in the territories of the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation in recent years. The dynamics of the incidence during epidemic outbreaks in the Republic of Karelia and the Omsk Region over the past few years is shown. 17 cases of human infection with the causative agent of tularemia were registered on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2021. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying degrees of intensity were detected in 45 constituent entities of the Federation. Against that background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were reported in 11 regions of the country. Six cultures of Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica from different types of ticks were isolated in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Altai and the Altai Territory. Based on the analysis of the data presented, in 2022, epidemic complications in the form of sporadic cases of the disease are most likely to occur among the unvaccinated population in the territories of the Central Federal District – the Voronezh, Ryazan, Smolensk Regions and in Moscow; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk Region, the Republic of Karelia and in St. Petersburg; Volga Federal District – in the territories of Samara, Kirov Regions and Republic of Tatarstan; Ural Federal District – in the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts; Siberian Federal District – in certain districts of the Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Tomsk Regions, Altai and Krasnoyarsk Territories.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туляремия</kwd><kwd>Francisella tularensis</kwd><kwd>природные очаги</kwd><kwd>эпидемические вспышки</kwd><kwd>зоологоэнтомологический материал</kwd><kwd>иммунопрофилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tularemia</kwd><kwd>Francisella tularensis</kwd><kwd>natural foci</kwd><kwd>epidemic outbreaks</kwd><kwd>zoological and entomological material</kwd><kwd>immunoprophylaxis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках отраслевой программы Роспотребнадзора и деятельности Референс-центра по мониторингу за туляремией ФБУН ГНЦ ПМБ.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Öhrman C., Sahl J.W., Sjödin A., Uneklint I., Ballard R., Karlsson L., McDonough R.F., Sundell D., Soria K., Bäckman S., Chase K., Brindefalk B., Sozhamannan S., Vallesi A., Hägglund E., Ramirez-Paredes J.G., Thelaus J., Colquhoun D., Myrtennäs K., Birdsell D., Johansson A., Wagner D.M., Forsman M. 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