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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2022-1-137-147</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1669</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распространенность разных типов интегративного конъюгативного элемента SXT/R391, кодирующего множественную резистентость к антибиотикам, среди клинических штаммов возбудителя холеры</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevalence of Different Types of Integrative Conjugative Element SXT/R391 Encoding Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Among Clinical Strains of Cholera Agent</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3117-8229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбальченко</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybal’chenko</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0672-8820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелканова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelkanova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4382-7254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лозовский</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lozovsky</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7190-4427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-6286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнова Нина Ивановна</p><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт Микроб</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute Microbe</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>137</fpage><lpage>147</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рыбальченко Д.А., Щелканова Е.Ю., Лозовский Ю.В., Федоров А.В., Смирнова Н.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыбальченко Д.А., Щелканова Е.Ю., Лозовский Ю.В., Федоров А.В., Смирнова Н.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rybal’chenko D.A., Shchelkanova E.Y., Lozovsky Y.V., Fedorov A.V., Smirnova N.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1669">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1669</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – изучить распространенность разных типов SXT-элемента с различным составом генов резистентности к антибиотикам среди клинических штаммов возбудителя холеры Эль Тор, изолированных в России, Украине и эндемичных по холере странах Азии и Африки.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объектами исследования служили 27 штаммов и нуклеотидные последовательности 77 штаммов Vibrio cholerae Эль Тор, представленные в NCBI GenBank. Определение структуры SXT-элемента и его типа проводили с помощью программ Mauve и BLAST v.2.9.0. Выявление филогенетических связей штаммов с разным типом SXT осуществляли с помощью программ Snippy v.4.6.0. и MrBayes v.3.2.7. Определение чувствительности к антибиотикам штаммов проводили в соответствии с МУК 4.2.2495-09.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Среди изученных штаммов из России и Украины выявлено два типа SXT-элемента (ICEVchInd5 и ICEVchBan9), имеющих различный состав генов резистентности</p></sec><sec><title>к антибиотикам</title><p>к антибиотикам: floR, strAB, sul2, dfrA1 и floR, tetAR, strAB, sul2, dfrA1 соответственно. В то же время исследованные штаммы из стран Азии и Африки содержали пять типов SXT: ICEVchInd5, ICEVchBan9, ICEVchBan5, SXTTET, ICEVchInd5ΔVRIII, – различающихся между собой по размеру и/или составу генов резистентности. Из них три последних не обнаружены в России и Украине. В связи с высоким уровнем геномного разнообразия SXT в популяции холерных вибрионов в эндемичных регионах появляется риск завоза в Россию штаммов возбудителя холеры с измененной устойчивостью к антибиотикам. На основе SNP-анализа дана оценка филогенетических связей 76 штаммов с разным типом SXT и различными аллелями гена ctxB, кодирующего B-субъединицу холерного токсина. Показана тесная филогенетическая связь между штаммами с одинаковым типом SXT, изолированными в России и странах Азии, что подтверждает завоз возбудителя холеры с множественной резистентностью к антибиотикам из этого региона и необходимость постоянного мониторинга чувствительности холерных вибрионов к антимикробным препаратам.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work was to study the prevalence of different types of SXT element with different composition of antibiotic resistance genes among clinical strains of the El Tor cholera pathogen isolated in Russia, Ukraine and cholera-endemic countries in Asia and Africa.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The subject of the study was 27 strains and nucleotide sequences of 77 strains of Vibrio cholerae El Tor available from the NCBI GenBank. The structure of the SXT element and its type were determined using the Mauve and BLAST v.2.9.0 programs. Phylogenetic relations of strains with different types of SXT were identified using Snippy v.4.6.0 and MrBayes v.3.2.7 software. Assessment of strain sensitivity to antibiotics was carried out in accordance with Methodological Regulations 4.2.2495-09.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Two types of SXT element (ICEVchInd5 and ICEVchBan9) have been identified among the studied strains from Russia and Ukraine, which have different composition of antibiotic resistance genes: floR, strAB, sul2, dfrA1 and floR, tetAR, strAB, sul2, dfrA1, respectively. At the same time, the studied strains from Asia and Africa contain five types of SXT: ICEVchInd5, ICEVchBan9, ICEVchBan5, SXTTET, ICEVchInd5ΔVRIII, which differ in size and/or composition of resistance genes. Of these, the last three have not been found in Russia and Ukraine. Due to the high level of genomic diversity of SXT in the population of V. cholerae in endemic regions, there is a risk of importation of cholera pathogen strains with altered resistance to antibiotics into Russia. Phylogenetic relations of 76 strains with different SXT types and different alleles of the ctxB gene encoding the B subunit of cholera toxin have been assessed based on SNP analysis. A close phylogenetic relation between strains with the same type of SXT isolated in Russia and Asian countries has been demonstrated, which confirms the importation of the causative agent of cholera with multiple resistance to antibiotics from this region and the need for constant monitoring of the sensitivity of V. cholerae to antimicrobial drugs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возбудитель холеры</kwd><kwd>SXT-элемент</kwd><kwd>гены резистентность к антибиотикам</kwd><kwd>SNP-анализ</kwd><kwd>филогенетические связи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cholera pathogen</kwd><kwd>SXT element</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance genes</kwd><kwd>SNP analysis</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic relations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaper J.B., Morris J.G., Levine M.M. Cholera. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1995; 8(1):48–86. 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