microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2022-2-27-35microbe-1690Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСистема секреции шестого типа Vibrio choleraeVibrio cholerae secretion system of the type VIhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-0562ЗадноваС. П.ZadnovaS. P.

Заднова Светлана Петровна

 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46 

Svetlana P. Zadnova

 46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005 

rusrapi@microbe.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-7018ПлехановН. А.PlekhanovN. A.

 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46 

 46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005 

rusrapi@microbe.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-1186КульшаньТ. А.Kul’shan’T. A.

 410012, Саратов, ул. Большая казачья, 112 

 112, Bol’shaya Kazachya St., 410012, Saratov 

meduniv@sgmu.ruШвиденкоИ. Г.ShvidenkoI. G.

 410012, Саратов, ул. Большая казачья, 112 

 112, Bol’shaya Kazachya St., 410012, Saratov 

meduniv@sgmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5506-4285КрицкийА. А.KritskyA. A.

 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46 

 46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005 

rusrapi@microbe.ruФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт «Микроб»РоссияRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского»РоссияSaratov State Medical University named after V.I. RazumovskyRussian Federation202208072022022735Copyright © Заднова С.П., Плеханов Н.А., Кульшань Т.А., Швиденко И.Г., Крицкий А.А., 20222022Заднова С.П., Плеханов Н.А., Кульшань Т.А., Швиденко И.Г., Крицкий А.А.Zadnova S.P., Plekhanov N.A., Kul’shan’ T.A., Shvidenko I.G., Kritsky A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1690

В обзоре обобщены данные литературы о системе секреции 6-го типа холерного вибриона. Данная система является контакт-зависимым макромолекулярным механизмом, с помощью которого бактерии транслоцируют внутрь клеток-мишеней токсические белки-эффекторы. Она присутствует у многих грамотрицательных бактерий, включая Vibrio cholerae. С помощью указанной системы холерный вибрион поражает фагоцитирующих амеб, нематод, инфузории, бактерии, принадлежащие к разным видам, а также неродственные штаммы V. cholerae. Освобождаемая после лизиса бактерий-конкурентов ДНК может поглощаться клетками холерного вибриона, что приводит к приобретению нового генетического материала. Система секреции 6-го типа участвует в инфекционном процессе. Уничтожение макрофагов и микробиоты способствует активному размножению патогена и колонизации эпителиоцитов хозяина, а продукция эффекторных белков вызывает развитие диареи и воспаление кишечника. Система секреции 6-го типа холерного вибриона имеет схожее с другими грамотрицательными бактериями строение. Гены, кодирующие белки данной системы, расположены на одном большом участке второй хромосомы и в нескольких дополнительных кластерах. Показано, что токсигенные штаммы V. cholerae содержат идентичный набор генов системы секреции, в то же время в нетоксигенных изолятах их состав вариабелен. Регуляция экспрессии белков системы секреции отличается в разных по токсигенности штаммах V. cholerae, зависит от ряда сигналов внешней среды и связана с другими регуляторными сетями клетки. Представлены экспериментальные данные по анализу структуры глобального регуляторного гена vasH системы секреции 6-го типа у токсигенных и нетоксигенных штаммов V. cholerae О1-серогруппы биовара Эль Тор, выделенных на территории Российской Федерации. Таким образом, система секреции 6-го типа является важным механизмом, способствующим выживанию V. cholerae в сложных сообществах in vitro, защищающим от повреждающих факторов макроорганизма и повышающим вирулентность in vivo, а также обеспечивающим эволюционные преобразования холерного вибриона. Дальнейшее изучение данной системы позволит лучше понять процессы взаимодействия «патоген – хозяин», а также механизмы адаптации V. cholerae во внешней среде.

The review summarizes literature data on the Vibrio cholerae secretion system of the 6th type. This system is a contact-dependent macromolecular mechanism through which bacteria translocate toxic effector proteins into target cells. It is found in many Gram-negative bacteria, including Vibrio cholerae. V. cholerae infects phagocytic amoebae, nematodes, ciliates, bacteria belonging to different species, as well as unrelated strains of V. cholerae using this system. DNA released after lysis of competing bacteria can be taken up by Vibrio cholerae cells, which leads to the acquisition of new genetic material. The type VI secretion system is involved in the infectious process. The destruction of macrophages and microbiota contributes to the active reproduction of the pathogen and colonization of host epitheliocytes, and the production of effector proteins causes the development of diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. Cholera vibrio secretion system of the 6th type has a structure similar to other gram-negative bacteria. The genes encoding the proteins of this system are located in one large region of the second chromosome and in several additional clusters. It has been shown that toxigenic strains of V. cholerae contain an identical set of secretion system genes, while their composition is variable in non-toxigenic isolates. The regulation of secretion system protein expression differs in V. cholerae strains of different toxigenicity, depends on a number of environmental signals, and is associated with other cell regulatory networks. The paper provides experimental data on the analysis of the structure of the global regulatory gene, vasH, of the type VI secretion system in toxigenic and non-toxigenic V. cholerae O1, biovar El Tor strains isolated in the Russian Federation. Thus, the type VI secretion system is an important mechanism that facilitates the survival of V. cholerae in complex communities in vitro, protects against damaging factors of the macroorganism and increases virulence in vivo, and also provides evolutionary transformations of cholera vibrio. Further study of this system will allow a better understanding of the pathogen-host interaction processes, as well as the adaptation mechanisms of V. cholerae in the external environment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.