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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2022-2-75-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1696</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реконструкция пространственной циркуляции Yersinia pestis средневекового биовара в Восточном Прикаспии в XX веке по данным полногеномного SNP-анализа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tracing the Spatial Circulation of Yersinia pestis of Medieval Biovar in the Eastern Caspian Sea Region in the 20th Century Based on Genome-Wide SNP Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-989X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерошенко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eroshenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерошенко Галина Александровна</p><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina A. Eroshenko</p><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">geroshenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-3034</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оглодин</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oglodin</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-7979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балыкова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balykova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-2394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснов</surname><given-names>Я. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnov</surname><given-names>Ya. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-099X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нарышкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naryshkina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аязбаев</surname><given-names>Т. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayazbaev</surname><given-names>T. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050054, Алматы, ул. Жахангер, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Zhakhanger St., Almaty, 050054</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-9261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-3452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный научный центр особо опасных инфекций им. М. Айкимбаева</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Scientific Center for Particularly Dangerous Infections named after M. Aikimbaev</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ерошенко Г.А., Оглодин Е.Г., Балыкова А.Н., Краснов Я.М., Нарышкина Е.А., Аязбаев Т.З., Попов Н.В., Кутырев В.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ерошенко Г.А., Оглодин Е.Г., Балыкова А.Н., Краснов Я.М., Нарышкина Е.А., Аязбаев Т.З., Попов Н.В., Кутырев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eroshenko G.A., Oglodin E.G., Balykova A.N., Krasnov Y.M., Naryshkina E.A., Ayazbaev T.Z., Popov N.V., Kutyrev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1696">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1696</self-uri><abstract><p>Комплексный анализ накопленных эпидемиологических и эпизоотологических данных в сочетании с результатами филогенетического анализа штаммов Yersinia pestis создает основу для установления закономерностей пространственно-временного распространения возбудителя чумы и открывает перспективу долговременного прогнозирования активизации природных очагов чумы. Ранее нами была проведена реконструкция направлений распространения Y. pestis средневекового биовара в очагах чумы Северного и Северо-Западного Прикаспия в XX – начале XXI в.</p><p>Цель данной работы – выявление закономерностей циркуляции Y. pestis средневекового биовара в четырех природных очагах чумы, расположенных в Восточном Прикаспии.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено комплексное исследование фенотипических и генетических свойств 16 штаммов Y. pestis, выделенных в Устюртском, Мангышлакском, Каракумском и Копетдагском автономных пустынных очагах чумы в 1926–1985 гг. Выполнено их сравнение со штаммами из других природных очагов чумы Восточной Европы и Центральной Азии, полученных в 1917–2003 гг. Проведено полногеномное секвенирование 12 из этих штаммов. В филогенетический анализ включены геномы еще 19 штаммов Y. pestis, секвенированные нами ранее. На основе выявленных в коровом геноме 1717 полиморфных нуклеотидов (SNPs) построена дендрограмма родственных связей исследуемых штаммов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Определена принадлежность всех 16 штаммов Y. pestis из Устюртского, Мангышлакского, Копетдагского и Каракумского пустынных очагов к ветви 2.MED1 средневекового биовара. Все изученные штаммы из первых трех очагов и большинство штаммов из Каракумского очага вошли в каспийскую ветвь 2.MED1, а три штамма из Каракумского пустынного очага – в центральноазиатскую. Определены несколько волн распространения штаммов филогенетической ветви 2.MED1 Y. pestis средневекового биовара в Восточном Прикаспии в XX в.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A comprehensive analysis of the accumulated epidemiological and epizootiological data in combination with results from phylogenetic analysis of Yersinia pestis strains creates the basis for establishing patterns of spatialtemporal distribution of the plague pathogen and opens up the prospect of long-term forecasting of natural plague foci activation. Previously, we traced the distribution pathways of Y. pestis, medieval biovar, in the plague foci of the Northern and Northwestern Caspian Sea regions in the 20th and early 21st centuries.</p><p>The purpose of this work was to identify the regularities of circulation of Y. pestis, medieval biovar, in four natural plague foci located in the Eastern Caspian Sea region.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A complex study of the phenotypic and genetic properties of 16 Y. pestis strains isolated in the Ustyurt, Mangyshlak, Karakum and Kopetdag autonomous desert plague foci in 1926–1985 was carried out. They were compared with strains from other natural plague foci in Eastern Europe and Central Asia obtained in 1917–2003. Whole-genome sequencing of 12 of those strains was performed. Phylogenetic analysis included the genomes of other 19 Y. pestis strains that we had sequenced earlier. Based on the 1717 polymorphic nucleotides (SNPs) identified in the core genome, a dendrogram of the relations of the studied strains was constructed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. All 16 Y. pestis strains from the Ustyurt, Mangyshlak, Kopetdag, and Karakum desert foci belong to the 2.MED1 branch of the medieval biovar. All investigated strains from the first three foci and most of the strains from the Karakum focus are in the Caspian 2.MED1 branch, and three strains from the Karakum desert focus are included in the Central Asian one. We have revealed several waves of dissemination of the strains under the 2.MED1 phylogenetic branch of Y. pestis of the medieval biovar in the Eastern Caspian Sea region in the 20th century.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чума</kwd><kwd>штаммы</kwd><kwd>филогения</kwd><kwd>природные очаги</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plague</kwd><kwd>strains</kwd><kwd>phylogeny</kwd><kwd>natural foci</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Кутырев В.В., редакторы. Природные очаги чумы Кавказа, Прикаспия, Средней Азии и Сибири. 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