<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2022-3-70-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1727</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Воздействие импульсным СВЧ излучением на образцы пищевой продукции с целью увеличения показателей ее микробиологической безопасности и сроков хранения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Exposure of Food Samples to Pulsed Microwave Radiation to Increase their Microbiological Safety and Shelf Life</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-9275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуляев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulyaev</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125009, Москва, ул. Моховая, 11, корп. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Building VII, 11, Mokhovaya St., Moscow, 125009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7863-4631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещанов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshchanov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мещанов Валерий Петрович</p><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Московская, 66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery P. Meshchanov</p><p>Ltd. 66, Moskovskaya St., Saratov, 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nika373@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2666-8538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кац</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kats</surname><given-names>B. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Московская, 66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ltd. 66, Moskovskaya St., Saratov, 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nika373@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2173-3150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коплевацкий</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koplevatsky</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Московская, 66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ltd. 66, Moskovskaya St., Saratov, 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nika373@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2911-4055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопатин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopatin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Московская, 66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ltd. 66, Moskovskaya St., Saratov, 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nika373@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-7183</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саяпин</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sayapin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Московская, 66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ltd. 66, Moskovskaya St., Saratov, 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nika373@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ёлкин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elkin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Московская, 66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ltd. 66, Moskovskaya St., Saratov, 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nika373@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-086X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Московская, 66, 410054, </p><p>Саратов, ул. Политехническая, 77</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ltd. 66, Moskovskaya St., Saratov, 410012, </p><p>77, Politekhnicheskaya St., Saratov, 410054</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nika373@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2056-3516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байбурин</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayburin</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Московская, 66, </p><p>410054, Саратов, ул. Политехническая, 77</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ltd. 66, Moskovskaya St., Saratov, 410012, </p><p>77, Politekhnicheskaya St., Saratov, 410054</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nika373@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2911-4055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рытик</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rytik</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саратов, 410012, ул. Астраханская, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>83, Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov, 410012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт радиотехники и электроники имени В.А. Котельникова» РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics named after V.A. Kotel’nikov of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Научно-производственное предприятие «НИКА-СВЧ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research and Production Enterprise “NIKA-SVCh”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Научно-производственное предприятие «НИКА-СВЧ»;&#13;
ФГБОУ «Саратовский государственный технический университет имени Гагарина Ю.А.»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research and Production Enterprise “NIKA-SVCh”;&#13;
Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu.A.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н.Г. Чернышевского»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гуляев Ю.В., Мещанов В.П., Кац Б.М., Коплевацкий Н.А., Лопатин А.А., Саяпин К.А., Ёлкин В.А., Комаров В.В., Байбурин В.Б., Рытик А.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гуляев Ю.В., Мещанов В.П., Кац Б.М., Коплевацкий Н.А., Лопатин А.А., Саяпин К.А., Ёлкин В.А., Комаров В.В., Байбурин В.Б., Рытик А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gulyaev Y.V., Meshchanov V.P., Kats B.M., Koplevatsky N.A., Lopatin A.A., Sayapin K.A., Elkin V.A., Komarov V.V., Bayburin V.B., Rytik A.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1727">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1727</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – исследование эффективности обеззараживания биологических материалов и сред (на примере пищевой продукции) путем воздействия импульсного (нетеплового) радиоизлучения и анализ перспектив его применения в медицине и биологии.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для достижения поставленной цели разработана, изготовлена и испытана экспериментальная установка, позволяющая проводить исследования процессов воздействия импульсного (нетеплового) радиоизлучения на биологические материалы и среды, в частности на примере пищевой продукции. В основе метода лежит идея оптимального управления электрофизическими параметрами облучающего радиосигнала в зависимости от типа облучаемого объекта. Для облучения использованы импульсные магнетроны с рабочей частотой (2,45±0,05) ГГц, разрешенной для медико-биологических исследований, генерирующие импульсное излучение с регулируемой мощностью в интервале 0,1...10 кВт. Частота следования импульсов со скважностью 500...10000 составляет 0,1...5 кГц. Установка имеет рабочую камеру, в которой размещается испытуемый образец, а также дополнительные элементы защиты магнетрона и устройства измерения параметров падающей на биологический объект СВЧ‑мощности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Установка успешно использована для облучения импульсным СВЧ‑сигналом различных образцов пищевых материалов с патогенной микрофлорой (Salmonella spp. и др.). В частности, как показали проведенные исследования, после 28 суток хранения мясного фарша среднее арифметическое значение количества болезнетворных бактерий в облученных образцах оказалось в 27,5 раза меньше, чем в необлученных. Предварительно проведенные эксперименты в области изучения влияния импульсного СВЧ‑излучения на процесс деления клеток и другие аспекты воздействия электромагнитного поля на патогенные микроорганизмы подтверждают их перспективность и целесообразность продолжения начатых экспериментов в медицине и биологии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to increase the efficiency of decontamination of biological material and media (by the example of food products) by pulsed (non-thermal) radio emission and asses the prospects of its application in medicine and biology.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. To achieve the goal an experimental setup has been designed, manufactured and tested, which makes it possible to study the process of exposure of biological materials and media to pulsed (non-thermal) radio emission, in particular, by the example of food products. The basis of the method is optimum control of the electro-physical parameters of the irradiating radio signal, depending on the type of the irradiated object. We used pulsed magnetrons with operating frequency of (2.45±0.05) GHz, authorized for bio-medical research, generating pulsed radiation with an adjustable power within the range of 0.1...10 kW. The pulse repetition rate with a duty cycle of 500...10000 is 0.1...5 kHz. The setup has an operating chamber into which the test sample is placed, as well as additional elements of magnetron protection and measuring the parameters of the microwave power incident on biological object.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The setup has been successfully used to irradiate various food samples with pathogenic micro flora (Salmonella spp. etc.) with pulsed microwave radiation. In particular, as shown by the studies, the arithmetic mean number of pathogenic bacteria in the irradiated samples of minced meat decreased by 27.5 times after 28 days of storage as compared to the control group of non-irradiated samples. Preliminary conducted experiments in the field of investigating the effect of microwave radiation on the process of cell division and other aspects of electromagnetic field influence on pathological microorganisms confirm the prospects and the expediency of continuing the ongoing studies in medicine and biology. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электромагнитные импульсы</kwd><kwd>обеззараживание</kwd><kwd>вирусы</kwd><kwd>патогенные микроорганизмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electromagnetic pulses</kwd><kwd>decontamination</kwd><kwd>viruses</kwd><kwd>pathogenic microorganisms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Welt B., Tong C., Rossen J., Lund D. Effect of microwave radiation on inactivation of Clostridium sporogenes (PA 3679) spores. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1994; 60:482–8. DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.2.482-488.1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Welt B., Tong C., Rossen J., Lund D. Effect of microwave radiation on inactivation of Clostridium sporogenes (PA 3679) spores. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1994; 60:482–8. DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.2.482-488.1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Letellier M., Budzinski H. Microwave assisted extraction of organic compounds. Analusis. 1997; 27(3):259–70. DOI: 10.1051/analusis:1999116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Letellier M., Budzinski H. Microwave assisted extraction of organic compounds. Analusis. 1997; 27(3):259–70. DOI: 10.1051/analusis:1999116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaw P., Kumar N., Mumtaz S., Lim J.S., Jang J.H., Kim D., Sahu B.D., Bogaerts A., Choi E.H. Evaluation of nonthermal effect of microwave radiation and its mode of action in bacterial cell inactivation. Sci. Rep. 2021; 11(1):14003. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93274-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaw P., Kumar N., Mumtaz S., Lim J.S., Jang J.H., Kim D., Sahu B.D., Bogaerts A., Choi E.H. Evaluation of nonthermal effect of microwave radiation and its mode of action in bacterial cell inactivation. Sci. Rep. 2021; 11(1):14003. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93274-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуляев Ю.В., Черепенин В.А. О возможности использования мощных электромагнитных импульсов для обеззараживания бактериологически загрязненных объектов. Журнал радиоэлектроники. 2020; 4:11. DOI: 10/30898.1684-1719.2020.4.13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gulyaev Yu.V., Cherepenin V.A. [Concerning the possibi¬ lity of using high power electromagnetic pulses for disinfection of bacteriologically contaminated objects]. Zhurnal Radioelectroniki [Journal of Radio Electronics]. 2020; (4):11. DOI: 10/30898.16841719.2020.4.13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gulyaev Y.V., Taranov I.V., Cherepenin V.A. The use of high-power electromagnetic pulses on bacteria and viruses. Doklady Physics. 2020; 65(7):230–2. DOI: 10.1134/S1028335820070034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gulyaev Y.V., Taranov I.V., Cherepenin V.A. The use of high-power electromagnetic pulses on bacteria and viruses. Doklady Physics. 2020; 65(7):230–2. DOI: 10.1134/S1028335820070034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуляев Ю.В., Таранов И.В., Черепенин В.А. Использование мощных электромагнитных импульсов для воздействия на бактерии и вирусы. Доклады Российской академии наук. Физика, технические науки. 2020; 493(1):15–7. DOI: 10.31857/S2686740020040069.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gulyaev Yu.V., Taranov I.V., Cherepenin V.A. [Using highpower electromagnetic pulses to impact bacteria and viruses]. Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Fizika, Tekhnicheskie Nauki [Reports of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics, Technical Sciences]. 2020; 493(1):15–7. DOI: 10/31857/S2686740020040069.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kubo M.T., Siguemoto E.S., Funcia E.S., Augusto P.E.D., Curet S., Boillereaux L., Sastry S.K., Gut J.A.W. Non-thermal effects of microwave and ohmic processing on microbial and enzyme inactivation: a critical review. Curr. Opin. Food Sci. 2020; 35:36–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.01.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubo M.T., Siguemoto E.S., Funcia E.S., Augusto P.E.D., Curet S., Boillereaux L., Sastry S.K., Gut J.A.W. Non-thermal effects of microwave and ohmic processing on microbial and enzyme inactivation: a critical review. Curr. Opin. Food Sci. 2020; 35:36–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.01.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lystsov V.N., Frank-Kamenetskii D.A., Shchedrina M.V. Effect of centimeter radiowaves on vegetative cells, spores and transforming DNA. Biophysics. 1965; 10(1):114–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lystsov V.N., Frank-Kamenetskii D.A., Shchedrina M.V. Effect of centimeter radiowaves on vegetative cells, spores and transforming DNA. Biophysics. 1965; 10(1):114–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaczmarczyk L.S., Marsay K.S., Shevchenko S., Pilossof M., Levi N., Einat M., Oren M., Gerlitz G. Corona and polio viruses are sensitive to short pulses of W-band gyrotron radiation. Environ. Chem. Lett. 2021; 19(6):3967–72. DOI: 10.1007/s10311021-01300-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaczmarczyk L.S., Marsay K.S., Shevchenko S., Pilossof M., Levi N., Einat M., Oren M., Gerlitz G. Corona and polio viruses are sensitive to short pulses of W-band gyrotron radiation. Environ. Chem. Lett. 2021; 19(6):3967–72. DOI: 10.1007/s10311021-01300-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
