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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2022-3-120-128</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1733</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение тропизма ВИЧ у лиц с вирусологической неэффективностью антиретровирусной терапии в Архангельской области</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of HIV Tropism in Patients with Antiretroviral Therapy Failure in Arkhangelsk Region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Останкова Юлия Владимировна</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Ostankova</p><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыденко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-3674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchemelev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-110X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виролайнен</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Virolainen</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-8799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>Арег  А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolyan</surname><given-names>Areg A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Останкова Ю.В., Давыденко В.С., Щемелев А.Н., Зуева Е.Б., Виролайнен П.А., Тотолян А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Останкова Ю.В., Давыденко В.С., Щемелев А.Н., Зуева Е.Б., Виролайнен П.А., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostankova Y.V., Davydenko V.S., Shchemelev A.N., Zueva E.B., Virolainen P.A., Totolyan A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1733">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1733</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – определение на основании анализа нуклеотидной последовательности V3‑петли гена env тропизма ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусологической неэффективностью антиретровирусной терапии в Архангельской области.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Материалом исследования служили образцы плазмы крови 76 ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц с вирусологической неэффективностью антиретровирусной терапии. Методом ПЦР с последующим секвенированием исследовали нуклеотидную последовательность региона C2-V3-C3 гена env ВИЧ. Определение генотипа исследуемых штаммов проводили на основании анализа их филогенетических отношений с референсными последовательностями из международной базы данных GenBank, а также с использованием специализированных программ. Для прогнозирования вирусного тропизма применяли правило Гарридо и биоинформатический онлайн-инструмент Geno2Pheno[coreceptor], который на основании анализа нуклеотидной последовательности V3‑петли гена env определяет коэффициент отсечения ложноположительных результатов (false positive rate – FPR).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Показана более низкая представленность R5X4/X4-тропных вариантов ВИЧ у длительное время инфицированных лиц с вирусом субсубтипа А6 по сравнению с вирусом субтипа В. Для всех алгоритмов отсечения FPR наблюдали достоверную корреляцию между субтипом и тропизмом ВИЧ (p=0,0014 и p=0,013 для FPR 10 % и FPR 20 % соответственно). В то время как среди штаммов субтипа B по меньшей мере 57 % определены как R5X4/X4-тропные варианты (для FPR 10 %), в том числе два штамма отнесены к X4-тропным, среди ВИЧ субсубтипа А6 даже при FPR 20 % частота R5X4/X4-тропных образцов лишь незначительно превышала 22 %. Можно предположить, что динамика изменения тропности ВИЧ зависит от субтипа вируса. Показаны достоверные отличия распределения аминокислотных остатков последовательности V3-региона в обследуемой группе между R5-тропными и R5X4/X4-тропными штаммами субсубтипа А6 для позиций 18 (χ2=7,616, p=0,0058), 21 (χ2=7,281, p=0,007), 24 (χ2=5,587, p=0,0181) и 34 (χ2=5,144, p=0,0233). Среди R5X4/X4-тропных штаммов субсубтипа А6 представлены аминокислотные замены в позициях 6, 19, 21, 26, 29, 30, не обнаруженные у R5-тропных штаммов А6. Высокая частота встречаемости ряда мутаций, ранее описанных как связанные с устойчивостью к маравироку и подобным ему препаратам, может свидетельствовать о характерном для субсубтипа А6 естественном полиморфизме, не имеющем корреляции с резистентностью к антагонистам корецептора CCR5.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to determine the tropism of the human immunodeficiency virus in patients with virological failure of antiretroviral therapy (ART) from the Arkhangelsk Region based on the analysis of the env gene V3 loop nucleotide sequence.</p><p>Materials and methods. We used blood plasma samples obtained from 76 HIV-infected persons from the Arkhangelsk Region with virological failure of antiretroviral therapy. The nucleotide sequences of the HIV env gene C2-V3-C3 region were studied by PCR followed by sequencing. The genotype of the studied strains was determined based on the analysis of their phylogenetic relations with reference sequences from the international GenBank database, as well as using specialized programs. To predict viral tropism, the Garrido rule and the online bioinformatic tool Geno2Pheno[coreceptor] were used. The Geno2Pheno[coreceptor] algorithm, determines the false positive rate (FPR) based on the analysis of the env gene V3 loop nucleotide sequence. Results and discussion. Significantly lower representation of R5X4/X4-tropic HIV variants in long-term infected persons with subsubtype A6 virus compared to subtype B virus has been shown. For all FPR cut-off algorithms, a significant correlation between subtype and HIV tropism was observed (p=0.0014 and p=0.013 for FPR 10 % and FPR 20 %, respectively). While among subtype B strains, at least 57 % were identified as R5X4/X4-tropic variants (for an FPR of 10 %), including two strains classified as X4-tropic; among HIV subsubtype A6 even at an FPR of 20 %, the frequency of R5X4/X4-tropic samples only slightly exceeded 22 %. It can be assumed that the dynamics of changes in HIV tropism depends on the virus subtype. Significant differences in the distribution of amino acid residues of the V3 region sequences in the examined group between R5-tropic and R5X4/X4-tropic strains of subsubtype A6 for positions 18 (χ2=7.616, p=0.0058), 21 (χ2=7.281, p=0.007), 24 (χ2=5.587, p=0.0181), and 34 (χ2=5.144, p=0.0233) have been demonstrated. Among the R5X4/X4-tropic strains of the A6 subsubtype, amino acid substitutions were registered at positions 6, 19, 21, 26, 29, 30, which were not found in the R5-tropic A6 strains. The high occurrence frequency of a number of mutations previously described as presumably associated with resistance to maraviroc and similar drugs may indicate a natural polymorphism characteristic of the A6 subsubtype, which does not correlate with resistance to CCR5 co-receptor antagonists.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ)</kwd><kwd>корецепторный тропизм ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>CCR5</kwd><kwd>CXCR4</kwd><kwd>антагонисты рецептора CCR5</kwd><kwd>ген env</kwd><kwd>генотипическая диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)</kwd><kwd>HIV co-receptor tropism</kwd><kwd>CCR5</kwd><kwd>CXCR4</kwd><kwd>CCR5 receptor antagonists</kwd><kwd>env gene</kwd><kwd>genotypic diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNAIDS data 2021. [Электронный ресурс]. 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