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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2022-4-14-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1756</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исторические и современные классификации возбудителя чумы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Historical and Modern Classifications of the Plague Agent</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-989X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерошенко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eroshenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерошенко Галина Александровна </p><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina A. Eroshenko</p><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2438-8364</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куклева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukleva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-3452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУН «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ерошенко Г.А., Куклева Л.М., Кутырев В.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ерошенко Г.А., Куклева Л.М., Кутырев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eroshenko G.A., Kukleva L.M., Kutyrev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1756">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1756</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлены данные по отечественным и зарубежным фенотипическим классификациям штаммов Yersinia pestis, разработанным в XX в.; генетическим классификациям XXI в.; а также по генеалогии древних штаммов чумного микроба, реконструированной с помощью палеогеномных технологий. С момента открытия возбудителя чумы в 1894 г. были созданы многие классификации, которые соответствовали уровню развития микробиологии на тот период времени. В основу внутривидовых классификационных схем XX в. положены три принципа: фенотипические различия между штаммами, особенности видового состава носителей и географическая принадлежность. С развитием молекулярной микробиологии в начале XXI в. разработана генетическая номенклатура ветвей эволюции возбудителя и создан ряд классификаций, построенных на анализе популяционной структуры Y. pestis. Через призму генетического разнообразия штаммов Y. pestis из природных очагов чумы России, стран ближнего и дальнего зарубежья разработана усовершенствованная классификация с выделением семи подвидов: pestis, tibetica, caucasica, qinghaica, angolica, central asiatica, ulegeica, – которая разделила подвиды по филогенетическому принципу и по эпидемической значимости. С развитием палеомикробиологии в генеалогию Y. pestis включены доисторические линии эволюции, которые расширили сведения по внутривидовому разнообразию чумного микроба.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review presents the data on domestic and foreign phenotypic classifications of Yersinia pestis strains developed in the XX century; genetic classifications of the XXI century; as well as on the genealogy of ancient strains of the plague microbe, reconstructed using paleogenomic technologies. Since the discovery of the plague agent in 1894, many classifications were created that corresponded to the level of development of microbiology at that time. The intraspecific classification schemes of the XX century were based on three principles: phenotypic differences between strains, features of the species composition of carriers, and geographical affiliation. With the development of molecular microbiology early on in the XXI century, a genetic nomenclature of the branches of the pathogen evolution was developed and a number of classifications based on the analysis of the population structure of Y. pestis were created. Through the prism of the genetic diversity of Y. pestis strains from natural plague foci in Russia, near and far abroad countries, an improved classification with a division into seven subspecies has been developed: pestis, tibetica, caucasica, qinghaica, angolica, central asiatica, ulegeica, which allocates the subspecies according to the phylogenetic principle and epidemic significance. With the advancements in paleomicrobiology, prehistoric lineages of evolution have been included in the genealogy of Y. pestis, which expand the data on the intraspecific diversity of the plague microbe.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чума</kwd><kwd>штаммы</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd><kwd>генотип</kwd><kwd>палеомикробиология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plague</kwd><kwd>strains</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>genotype</kwd><kwd>paleomicrobiology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Безсонова А.А. О двух разновидностях B. pestis, обнаруживаемых при росте на глицериновых средах. Вестник микробиологии, эпидемиологии и паразитологии. 1928; 7(3):325–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bezsonova A.A. [On two varieties of B. pestis found during culturing on glycerin media]. 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