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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2022-4-41-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1759</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>SNP-профили штаммов Yersinia pestis средневекового биовара из очагов чумы Прикаспия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SNP-Profiles of Yersinia pestis Strains of the Medieval Biovar from the Caspian Sea Region Plague Foci</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-7979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балыкова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balykova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балыкова Алина Николаевна</p><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina N. Balykova</p><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2438-8364</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куклева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukleva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-2606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горюнова</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goryunova</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3170-9827</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7752-6321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коврижников</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovrizhnikov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-2394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснов</surname><given-names>Я. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnov</surname><given-names>Ya. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-3820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Червякова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chervyakova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-989X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерошенко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eroshenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-3452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУН «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Балыкова А.Н., Куклева Л.М., Горюнова П.А., Шевченко К.С., Коврижников А.В., Краснов Я.М., Червякова Н.С., Ерошенко Г.А., Кутырев В.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Балыкова А.Н., Куклева Л.М., Горюнова П.А., Шевченко К.С., Коврижников А.В., Краснов Я.М., Червякова Н.С., Ерошенко Г.А., Кутырев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Balykova A.N., Kukleva L.M., Goryunova P.A., Shevchenko K.S., Kovrizhnikov A.V., Krasnov Y.M., Chervyakova N.S., Eroshenko G.A., Kutyrev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1759">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1759</self-uri><abstract><p>Метод SNP-типирования, основанный на выявлении в геноме стабильных генетических маркеров – однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов, успешно применяется для генотипирования патогенных микроорганизмов и может быть использован для SNP-профилирования штаммов Yersinia pestis и проведения молекулярно-генетической паспортизации очаговых территорий. Цель работы – определение SNP-профилей штаммов Y. pestis средневекового биовара, выделенных в очагах чумы Прикаспия в 1912–2015 гг., и разработка способа идентификации уникальных SNPs методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру для проведения молекулярно-генетической паспортизации этих территорий. Материалы и методы. Проведено комплексное исследование фенотипических и генотипических свойств 190 штаммов Y. pestis из очагов чумы Прикаспийского региона. Филогенетическая реконструкция методом максимального правдоподобия (Maximum Likelihood, модель GTR) в программе SeaView 5.0.4 выполнена на основе 1621 SNPs, идентифицированных среди 50 штаммов Y. pestis по данным WG-SNP-анализа в программе snippy 4.6. Расчет праймеров для ПЦР -амплификации отобранных в кандидаты-мишени SNP-локусов проводили в программе Vector NTI. Секвенирование локусов SNPs по Сэнгеру осуществлялось на генетическом анализаторе ABI PRISM 3500XL (Applied Biosystems, США). Результаты и обсуждение. Все исследованные штаммы из очагов Прикаспия по фенотипическим характеристикам относились к высоковирулентному и эпидемически значимому средневековому биовару основного подвида Y. pestis. По результатам WG-SNP-анализа определено 9 SNP-генотипов, основанных на полиморфизме единичных нуклеотидов 24 генов, характерных для ключевых филопопуляций, в которые входят штаммы, выделенные в различные периоды эпидемической и эпизоотической активности в очагах Прикаспия. Установление SNP-генотипов штаммов средневекового биовара Y. pestis, полученных более чем за столетний период в очагах Прикаспийского региона, создает предпосылки для определения их канонического SNP-профиля (canSNP) и для разработки алгоритма молекулярно-эпидемиологического мониторинга очагов, в которых циркулирует этот высоковирулентный биовар.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The SNP-typing method based on the detection of stable genetic markers in the genome, i.e., single nucleotide polymorphisms, is successfully used for genotyping of pathogenic microorganisms and can be applied for SNP-profiling of Yersinia pestis strains and molecular-genetic certification of focal areas. The aim of the study was to determine the SNP profiles of Y. pestis strains of the medieval biovar isolated in the Caspian Sea region plague foci in 1912–2015 and to develop a method for identifying unique SNPs using the Sanger sequencing for molecular-genetic certification of these territories. Materials and methods. A comprehensive study of the phenotypic and genotypic properties of 190 Y. pestis strains from plague foci in the Caspian Sea region was carried out. Phylogenetic reconstruction by the Maximum Likelihood method (GTR model) in the SeaView 5.0.4 software was performed on the basis of 1621 SNPs identified among 50 Y. pestis strains according to WG-SNP analysis in the snippy 4.6 program. Primers for PCR amplification of the SNP loci selected as target were calculated using the Vector NTI program. Sanger sequencing of SNPs loci was conducted on an ABI PRISM 3500XL genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA). Results and discussion. According to phenotypic characteristics, all studied strains from the Caspian foci belonged to a highly virulent and epidemically significant medieval biovar of the main subspecies of Y. pestis. According to the results of the WG-SNP analysis, 9 SNP genotypes were identified based on the polymorphism of single nucleotides of 24 genes characteristic of the main phylopopulations, which include strains isolated during various periods of epidemic and epizootic activity in the Caspian plague foci. Determining of SNP genotypes of Y. pestis strains of the medieval biovar, obtained over a hundred years in the Caspian foci, creates the prerequisites for defining the canonical SNP profile (canSNP) and for developing an algorithm for molecular epidemiological monitoring of the foci in which this highly virulent biovar circulates.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чума</kwd><kwd>SNPs</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>природные очаги</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plague</kwd><kwd>SNPs</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>natural foci</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kutyrev V.V., Eroshenko G.A., Motin V.L., Nosov N.Y., Krasnov J.M., Kukleva L.M., Nikiforov K.A., Al’hova Z.V., Oglodin E.G., Guseva N.P. 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