microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2023-1-17-26microbe-1786Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSБактериальные тени возбудителей особо опасных инфекцийBacterial Ghosts of the Causative Agents of Particularly Dangerous Infectionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-3660ВагайскаяА. С.VagaiskayaA. S.

Вагайская Анастасия Сергеевна

Российская Федерация, 142279, Московская обл., р.п. Оболенск

Anastasiya S. Vagaiskaya

Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279, Russian Federation

vagaiskaya.anastasiya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-8949ДентовскаяС. В.DentovskayaS. V.

Российская Федерация, 142279, Московская обл., р.п. Оболенск

Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279, Russian Federation

info@obolensk.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5499-7999АнисимовА. П.AnisimovA. P.

Российская Федерация, 142279, Московская обл., р.п. Оболенск

Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279, Russian Federation

info@obolensk.orgФБУН «Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии»РоссияState Scientific Center of Applied Microbiology and BiotechnologyRussian Federation202328042023011726Copyright © Вагайская А.С., Дентовская С.В., Анисимов А.П., 20232023Вагайская А.С., Дентовская С.В., Анисимов А.П.Vagaiskaya A.S., Dentovskaya S.V., Anisimov A.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1786

Бактериальные тени представляют собой неповрежденные оболочки бактериальных клеток, которые освобождаются от своего содержимого через поры, сформированные с помощью мягких методов биологического или химического воздействия. Методология получения бактериальных теней повышает безопасность убитых вакцин, сохраняя при этом их антигенность за счет щадящих процедур приготовления. Более того, бактериальные тени могут быть одновременно носителями нескольких антигенов или плазмидных ДНК, кодирующих белковые эпитопы. В последние годы наблюдается рост интереса к разработке прототипов вакцин и систем доставки биологически активных веществ на основе бактериальных теней. В настоящем обзоре обсуждается прогресс в разработке данного типа препаратов за последние годы. Рассмотрены различные способы получения бактериальных теней, их преимущества и ограничения при использовании. Подробно описан лизис бактерий, опосредованный фагами, молекулярные манипуляции с генами лизиса, трудности, возникающие при масштабировании биотехнологического производства бактериальных теней, и пути их преодоления. Рассмотрено использование бактериальных теней в качестве альтернативных убитых вакцин, адъювантов, рекомбинантной антигенной платформы, носителя плазмидной ДНК на моделях возбудителей особо опасных инфекций бактериальной этиологии.

Bacterial ghosts are intact walls of bacterial cells that are relieved of their contents through pores formed by mild biological or chemical methods. Methodology for generating bacterial ghosts increases the safety of killed vaccines while maintaining their antigenicity through milder preparation procedures. Moreover, bacterial ghosts can simultaneously carry several antigens or plasmid DNAs encoding protein epitopes. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of prototype vaccines and systems for delivery of biologically active substances based on bacterial ghosts. This review discusses the progress in the development of this type of medications over the last years. Various methods of obtaining bacterial ghosts, their advantages and limitations are considered. The phage-mediated lysis of bacteria, molecular manipulations with lysis genes, difficulties encountered in scaling the biotechnological production of bacterial ghosts, and ways to overcome them are described in detail. The use of bacterial ghosts as alternative killed vaccines, adjuvants, recombinant antigenic platform, carrier of plasmid DNA by the models of pathogens of particularly dangerous infections of bacterial etiology is investigated.

бактериальные тенивакциныYersinia pestisVibrio choleraeEscherichia coliBrucella spp.Burkholderia spp.Bacillus anthracisbacterial ghostsvaccinesYersinia pestisVibrio choleraeEscherichia coliBrucella spp.Burkholderia spp.Bacillus anthracis.Работа выполнена в рамках отраслевой научно-исследовательской программы Роспотребнадзора на 2021-2025 гг. «Научное обеспечение эпидемиологического надзора и санитарной охраны территории Российской Федерации. Создание новых технологий, средств и методов контроля и профилактики инфекционных и паразитарных болезней».ReferencesВакцины: путь от изобретения до применения. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://asko-med.ru/blog/vaktsiny/vaktsiny-put-ot-izobreteniya-do-primeneniya/ (дата обращения 28.12.2022).[Vaccines: the path from invention to application]. (Cited 28 Dec 2022). [Internet]. Available from: https://asko-med.ru/blog/vaktsiny/vaktsiny-put-ot-izobreteniya-do-primeneniya/.Сравнение размеров геномов вируса, бактерии и млекопитающего. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.