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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2023-1-37-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1788</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Множественная лекарственная устойчивость клеток F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, анализ эпизоотологической и эпидемиологической ситуации по туляремии на территории Российской Федерации в 2022 г. и прогноз на 2023 г.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Multidrug Resistance of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, Epizootiological and Epidemiological Analysis of the Situation on Tularemia in the Russian Federation in 2022 and Forecast for 2023</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-2376</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцева</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtseva</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142279, Московская обл., р.п. Оболенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4476-7831</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 127490, Москва, ул. Мусоргского, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4, Musorgskogo St., Moscow, 127490, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">protivochym@nln.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3675-8780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мокриевич</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokrievich</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мокриевич Александр Николаевич</p><p>142279, Московская обл., р.п. Оболенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Mokrievich</p><p>Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mokrievich@obolensk.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7034-5125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликалова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikalova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9344-3542</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Холин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kholin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-4757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазепа</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazepa</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борзенко</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borzenko</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p><p>ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6247-6201</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-5397</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пичурина</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pichurina</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М . Горького, 117/40 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-4294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлович</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlovich</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М . Горького, 117/40 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-2221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носков</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Noskov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М . Горького, 117/40 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4896-9369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Транквилевский</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trankvilevsky</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 117105, Москва, Варшавское шоссе, 19а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>19a, Varshavskoe Highway, Moscow, 117105, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gsen@fcgie.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-0462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Храмов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khramov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142279, Московская обл., р.п. Оболенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-4585</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дятлов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyatlov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142279, Московская обл., р.п. Оболенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Противочумный центр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plague Control Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Иркутский научно-исследовательский  противочумный институт Сибири и Дальнего Востока»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia and Far East</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Ростовский-на-Дону научно-исследовательский&#13;
противочумный институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ «Федеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудрявцева Т.Ю., Попов В.П., Мокриевич А.Н., Куликалова Е.С., Холин А.В., Мазепа А.В., Борзенко М.А., Пичурина Н.Л., Павлович Н.В., Носков А.К., Транквилевский Д.В., Храмов М.В., Дятлов И.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудрявцева Т.Ю., Попов В.П., Мокриевич А.Н., Куликалова Е.С., Холин А.В., Мазепа А.В., Борзенко М.А., Пичурина Н.Л., Павлович Н.В., Носков А.К., Транквилевский Д.В., Храмов М.В., Дятлов И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudryavtseva T.Y., Popov V.P., Mokrievich A.N., Kulikalova E.S., Kholin A.V., Mazepa A.V., Borzenko M.A., Pichurina N.L., Pavlovich N.V., Noskov A.K., Trankvilevsky D.V., Khramov M.V., Dyatlov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1788">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1788</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре кратко изложена информация о врожденной способности клеток возбудителя туляремии Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica сопротивляться противомикробным препаратам с помощью разнообразных механизмов, приводящей к его мультирезистентности. Всего, с учетом новых территорий, в 2022 г. в Российской Федерации зарегистрировано 120 случаев инфицирования человека возбудителем туляремии. Эпизоотические проявления инфекции различной степени интенсивности выявлены в 58 субъектах РФ. На этом фоне спорадические случаи заболевания людей туляремией зарегистрированы в 18 регионах страны. Вспышка туляремии произошла в Ставропольском крае, заболевание легкой и средней степени тяжести обнаружили у 76 человек. Продолжается повышенная заболеваемость туляремией на территории Республики Карелия с тяжелыми случаями болезни при отсутствии иммунопрофилактики этой инфекции в регионе. Всего выделена 61 культура возбудителя туляремии F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, из которых 20 эритромицин-устойчивых штаммов изолировано на территории Ставропольского края. Кроме этого, выделено 8 культур F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica из пробы ила и клещей Dermacentor silvarum и Haemaphysalis concinna, отловленных в Республике Алтай. На территории Российской Федерации в 2022 г. вакцинировано и ревакцинировано против туляремии 930999 человек. На основании анализа данных, полученных в 2022 г., наиболее вероятны в 2023 г. эпидемические осложнения в виде спорадических случаев заболевания среди невакцинированного населения на территориях: Центрального федерального округа – во Владимирской, Рязанской и Смоленской областях; Северо-Западного федерального округа – в Архангельской области и Республике Карелия; Южного федерального округа – в Волгоградской и Ростовской областях; на территории Северо-Кавказского федерального округа будет оставаться сложной ситуация в Ставропольском крае; в Приволжском федеральном округе – на территориях Саратовской области, а также в Кировской области и Республике Мордовия; Уральского федерального округа – в Ханты-Мансийском и Ямало-Ненецком автономных округах; Сибирского федерального округа – на территориях отдельных районов Омской, Кемеровской, Томской, Новосибирской, Иркутской областей, Алтайского, Красноярского краев; в Дальневосточном федеральном округе эпизоотическая активность природных очагов туляремии наиболее интенсивная на территории Приморского края.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review provides concise information on the innate ability of cells of the tularemia pathogen, Francisella tularensis subsp. Holarctica, to resist antimicrobials through a variety of mechanisms, leading to its multi-resistance. In total, taking into account new territories, 120 cases of human infection were registered in the Russian Federation in 2022. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying degrees of intensity were detected in 58 constituent entities. Against this background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were reported in 18 regions of the country. An outbreak of tularemia occurred in the Stavropol Territory; the disease of mild and moderate severity was found in 76 people. The increased incidence of tularemia persists in the Republic of Karelia with severe cases of the disease in the absence of immunoprophylaxis of this infection in the region. A total of 61 cultures of the tularemia pathogen F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, out of which 20 erythromycin-resistant strains were isolated in the Stavropol Territory. In addition, 8 cultures of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica from a silt sample and mites Dermacentor silvarum and Haemaphysalis concinna caught in the Republic of Altai were isolated. On the territory of the Russian Federation in 2022, 930 999 people were vaccinated and revaccinated against tularemia. Based on the analysis of the data obtained in 2022, epidemic complications in 2023 in the form of sporadic cases of the disease among the unvaccinated population are most likely to occur in the territories of the Central Federal District – in the Vladimir, Ryazan and Smolensk Regions; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk Region and the Republic of Karelia; Southern Federal District – in the Volgograd and Rostov Regions. The situation in the North Caucasian Federal District will remain tense in the Stavropol Territory; in the Volga Federal District – in the territories of the Saratov Region, as well as in the Kirov Region and the Republic of Mordovia; Ural Federal District – in Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts; Siberian Federal District – in certain territories of Omsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk Regions, Altai, Krasnoyarsk Territories; in the Far Eastern Federal District, the most intense epizootic activity of natural tularemia foci is in Primorsky Krai.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туляремия</kwd><kwd>Francisella tularensis</kwd><kwd>природные очаги</kwd><kwd>эпидемические вспышки</kwd><kwd>зоолого-энтомологический материал</kwd><kwd>иммунопрофилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tularemia</kwd><kwd>Francisella tularensis</kwd><kwd>natural foci</kwd><kwd>epidemic outbreaks</kwd><kwd>zoological and entomological material</kwd><kwd>immunoprophylaxis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках отраслевой программы Роспотребнадзора и деятельности референс-центра ФБУН ГНЦ ПМБ по мониторингу за туляремией.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Challacombe J.F., Pillai S., Kuske C.R. 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