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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2023-1-111-119</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1796</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Популяционная геномика SARS-CoV‑2 в субъектах Сибирского и Дальневосточного федеральных округов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Population Genomics of SARS-CoV-2 in the Constituent Entities of Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-6442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миронова Лилия Валерьевна</p><p>Российская Федерация, 664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liliya V. Mironova</p><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mironova-lv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4422-0497</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарюк</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondaryuk</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p><p>Российская Федерация, 664033, Иркутск, ул. Улан-Баторская, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047, Russian Federation</p><p>3, Ulaanbaatar St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0279-5831</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-6514</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочалгин</surname><given-names>Н. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochalgin</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9890-0960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотова</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-3846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Букин</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukin</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 664033, Иркутск, ул. Улан-Баторская, 3</p><p>Российская Федерация, 664003, Иркутск, ул. Карла Маркса, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Ulaanbaatar St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation</p><p>1, Karl Marx St., Irkutsk, 664003, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bukinyura@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0674-6159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-479X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андаев</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andaev</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4201-5828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балахонов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakhonov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт Сибири и Дальнего Востока»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia and Far East</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт Сибири и Дальнего Востока»;&#13;
ФГБУН «Лимнологический институт» Сибирского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia and Far East;&#13;
Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Лимнологический институт» Сибирского отделения РАН;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences;&#13;
Irkutsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Миронова Л.В., Бондарюк А.Н., Сидорова Е.А., Бочалгин Н.О., Федотова И.С., Букин Ю.С., Пономарева А.С., Андаев Е.И., Балахонов С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миронова Л.В., Бондарюк А.Н., Сидорова Е.А., Бочалгин Н.О., Федотова И.С., Букин Ю.С., Пономарева А.С., Андаев Е.И., Балахонов С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mironova L.V., Bondaryuk A.N., Sidorova E.A., Bochalgin N.O., Fedotova I.S., Bukin Y.S., Ponomareva A.S., Andaev E.I., Balakhonov S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1796">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1796</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – анализ генетической структуры популяций и изучение закономерностей эволюционной изменчивости возбудителя новой коронавирусной инфекции в Сибирском и Дальневосточном федеральных округах. Материалы и методы. Исследовано 1033 генома SARS-CoV‑2 из проб от лиц с диагнозом COVID‑19 из восьми субъектов Сибири и Дальнего Востока с декабря 2020 г. по ноябрь 2021 г. Секвенирование проводилось на платформе MinION Oxford Nanopore по протоколу ARTIC v.3. Степень генетической изоляции SARS-CoV‑2 оценивалась по критерию Fst. Филогенетический анализ осуществлялся с использованием метода максимального правдоподобия и байесовского филогенетического вывода. При реконструкции популяционной динамики применена непараметрическая модель Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP). Результаты и обсуждение. На начальных этапах в 100 % идентифицирован исходный вариант SARS-CoV‑2 (B.1), геновариант Alpha обнаруживался в марте – июне 2021 г., Beta – в единичных образцах в марте – мае 2021 г., Delta впервые выявлен в апреле 2021 г. Максимальная степень генетической изоляции SARS-CoV‑2 (Fst=0,18) установлена для наиболее удаленных территорий (Алтайский край ↔ Республика Бурятия и Алтайский край ↔ Иркутская область). Между Иркутской областью, Республикой Бурятия и Красноярским краем выявлена относительно свободная циркуляция вируса. По результатам популяционно-генетических тестов показано, что определяющим механизмом формирования генетического разнообразия SARS-CoV‑2 стал резкий рост эффективного размера популяции вируса. Реконструкция популяционной динамики в BEAST (модель BSP) выявила согласованность трендов генетического разнообразия вируса и количества активных случаев заболевания. В кластере Delta выявлено два субкластера, состоящих преимущественно из образцов, выделенных в Иркутской области и Красноярском крае. Установлена смена доминирующего варианта SARS-CoV‑2 в динамике. Молекулярно-эпидемиологические данные свидетельствуют о существовании множественных путей проникновения различных генотипов SARS-CoV‑2 в субъекты с формированием отдельных монофилетических кластеров и дальнейшим внутри- и экстерриториальным распространением входящих в кластеры вариантов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to analyze the genetic structure of populations and the patterns of evolutionary variability of the novel coronavirus infection in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. Materials and methods. 1033 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from samples from individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 from eight entities of the Siberia and Far East between December 2020 and November 2021 were assessed. Sequencing was performed on the MinION Oxford Nanopore platform using the ARTIC v.3 protocol. The degree of SARS-CoV-2 genetic isolation was estimated applying the Fst criterion. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using maximum likelihood method and Bayesian phylogenetic inference. A nonparametric Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) model was used to reconstruct population dynamics. Results and discussion. The original SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1) was identified in 100 % of the cases at the initial stages. The Alpha variant was detected in March-June, 2021; Beta – in single samples in March-May, 2021. Delta was first identified in April, 2021. The maximum degree of SARS-CoV-2 genetic isolation (Fst=0.18) was established for the most remote territories (Altai Territory ↔ Republic of Buryatia and Altai Territory ↔ Irkutsk Region). A relatively free circulation of the virus was detected between Irkutsk Region, Republic of Buryatia and Krasnoyarsk Territory. According to the results of population genetic tests, a sharp increase in the effective virus population size was the determining mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity formation. Reconstruction of population dynamics in BEAST (BSP model) has revealed the consistency of trends in the genetic diversity of the virus and the number of active cases. Two subclusters have been identified in the Delta cluster, consisting predominantly of samples isolated in the Irkutsk Region and Krasnoyarsk Territory. Change in the dominant variant of SARS-CoV-2 has been traced in dynamics. Molecular-epidemiological data point to the multiple pathways of spatial expansion of different SARS-CoV-2 genotypes into the constituent entities with generation of individual monophyletic clusters and further intra- and extraterritorial spread of the decedents.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV‑2</kwd><kwd>геновариант</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>популяционная динамика</kwd><kwd>Delta</kwd><kwd>ВЭП .</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>genovariant</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>population dynamics</kwd><kwd>Delta</kwd><kwd>VOC</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frost S.D.W., Magalis B.R., Kosakovsky Pond S.L. Neutral theory and rapidly evolving viral pathogens. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2018; 35(6):1348–54. 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