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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2023-4-16-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1892</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ и прогноз распространения в мире особо опасных микозов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis and Forecast of the Spread of Particularly Dangerous Mycoses around the World</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-1820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липницкий</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipnitsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vari2@sprint-v.com.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7823-2301</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Половец</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polovets</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7744-4441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муругова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murugova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-4657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топорков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toporkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Волгоградский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd Research Anti-Plague Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Липницкий А.В., Половец Н.В., Муругова А.А., Топорков А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Липницкий А.В., Половец Н.В., Муругова А.А., Топорков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lipnitsky A.V., Polovets N.V., Murugova A.A., Toporkov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1892">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1892</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлен анализ публикаций за последние пять лет о глобальном распространении особо опасных (эндемических) микозов: кокцидиоидомикоза, гистоплазмоза, бластомикоза, паракокцидиоидомикоза. Возбудители этих микозов – диморфные микромицеты, которые способны вызывать тяжелое течение заболевания, вплоть до летального исхода. Эти грибы существуют в определенных экологических нишах, однако в последние годы получено много сообщений о том, что они встречаются вне регионов с традиционно известной эндемичностью. Существуют потенциальные причины этих изменений, такие как глобальные факторы (климатические изменения, миграция) и повышенное использование иммуносупрессивных препаратов. Потепление климата может обеспечить благоприятные условия для роста Coccidioides spp. на новых территориях, в то время как продолжительные засушливые периоды и последующие пыльные бури приводят к повышению уровня заболеваемости кокцидиоидомикозом в уже установленных эндемических областях. В настоящее время существует предположение, что не только почва, но и грызуны являются первичным резервуаром Coccidioides во внешней среде. Гистоплазмоз эндемичен в странах Американского континента, но границы распространения возбудителя микоза до конца не определены. В Латинской Америке гистоплазмоз – одна из наиболее распространенных инфекций у ВИЧ-инфицированных, характеризующаяся высоким уровнем смертности. Многие эпидемиологические данные по бластомикозу получены из Северной Америки, меньше сведений из Африки и Азии. Случаи эндемических микозов у иммунокомпетентных путешественников обычно диагностируются ошибочно, вследствие отсутствия специфических симптомов. Также существует риск реактивации инфекции, даже по истечении длительного периода времени, у лиц с приобретенной иммуносупрессией. Изоляция патогенов из объектов внешней среды с использованием традиционных культуральных методов затруднена, внедрение молекулярно-генетических исследований позволит дополнить знания об эпидемиологии этих микозов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The literature review presents an analysis of publications over the past five years on the global distribution of particularly dangerous (endemic) mycoses: coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis. The causative agents of these mycoses are dimorphic micromycetes, which can cause a severe course of the disease, even death. These fungi exist in specific ecological niches, but in recent years there have been many reports of them occurring outside of regions of traditionally known endemicity. There are potential causes for these changes, such as global factors (climate change, migration) and extensive use of immunosuppressive drugs. Climate warming may provide favorable conditions for the growth of Coccidioides spp. in new areas, while prolonged dry spells and subsequent dust storms result in increased incidence of coccidioidomycosis in already established endemic areas. Currently, there is an assumption that not only the soil, but also rodents are the primary reservoir of Coccidioides in the external environment. Histoplasmosis is endemic in the countries of the Americas, but the extent of spread of the causative agents has not been fully defined. In Latin America, histoplasmosis is one of the most common infections in HIV-infected people, with a high mortality rate. Many epidemiological data on blastomycosis come from North America, with less information from Africa and Asia. Cases of endemic mycoses in immunocompetent travelers are usually diagnosed incorrectly, due to the absence of specific symptoms. There is also a risk of reactivation of infection in persons with acquired immunosuppression, even after a long period of time. Isolation of pathogens from environmental objects using conventional cultural methods is difficult, while the introduction of molecular-genetic studies will supplement the knowledge about the epidemiology of these mycoses.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>особо опасные микозы</kwd><kwd>Coccidioides spp.</kwd><kwd>Histoplasma spp.</kwd><kwd>Blastomyces spp.</kwd><kwd>эндемичные регионы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>particularly dangerous mycoses</kwd><kwd>Coccidioides spp.</kwd><kwd>Histoplasma spp.</kwd><kwd>Blastomyces spp.</kwd><kwd>endemic regions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilken J.A., Sondermeyer G., Shusterman D., McNary J., Vugia D.J., McDowell A., Borenstein P., Gilliss D., Ancock B., Prudhomme J., Gold D., Windham G.C., Lee L., Materna B.L. 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