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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2023-4-50-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1896</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные диагностические технологии в исследовании полевого материала 2023 г. из природных очагов чумы Кыргызской Республики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Diagnostic Technologies in the Study of the Field Material Collected from the Natural Plague Foci of the Kyrgyz Republic in 2023</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердиев</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdiev</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>720005, Бишкек, ул. Скрябина, 92</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>92, Skryabina St., Bishkek, 720005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berdiev.1962@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-989X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерошенко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eroshenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-7979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балыкова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balykova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усенбаев</surname><given-names>Н. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usenbaev</surname><given-names>N. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>720005, Бишкек, ул. Скрябина, 92</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>92, Skryabina St., Bishkek, 720005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rckooi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кебекбаева</surname><given-names>Н. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kebekbaeva</surname><given-names>N. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>720005, Бишкек, ул. Скрябина, 92</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>92, Skryabina St., Bishkek, 720005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rckooi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-0940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джапарова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhaparova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>720005, Бишкек, ул. Скрябина, 92</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>92, Skryabina St., Bishkek, 720005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rckooi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муканметэсен уулу</surname><given-names>Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukanmetesen uulu</surname><given-names>Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нарынская обл., Ат-Баши, ул. М. Салымбекова, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4, M. Salymbekova St., At-Bashi, Naryn Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жумашов</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhumashov</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каракол, ул. Жамансариева, 114</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>114, Zhamansarieva St., Karakol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ражапбаева</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Razhapbaeva</surname><given-names>A. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ош, ул. Ш. Руставели, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Sh. Rustaveli St., Osh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юлдашева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuldasheva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>720005, Бишкек, ул. Скрябина, 92</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>92, Skryabina St., Bishkek, 720005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-3034</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оглодин</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oglodin</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-4670</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катышев</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katyshev</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0677-4846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фадеева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fadeeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-3452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский центр карантинных и особо опасных инфекций Министерства здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Center of Quarantine and Particularly Dangerous Infections of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУН «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ат-Башинское противочумное отделение РЦКиООИ МЗ КР</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>At-Bashinsky Anti-Plague Department of the Republican Center of Quarantine and Particularly Dangerous Infections&#13;
of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Каракольское противочумное отделение РЦКиООИ МЗ КР</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Karakol Anti-Plague Department of the Republican Center of Quarantine and Particularly Dangerous Infections of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ошское противочумное отделение РЦКиООИ МЗ КР</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Osh Anti-Plague Department of the Republican Center of Quarantine and Particularly Dangerous Infections of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бердиев С.К., Ерошенко Г.А., Балыкова А.Н., Усенбаев Н.Т., Кебекбаева Н.Т., Джапарова А.К., Муканметэсен уулу Ж., Жумашов Д., Ражапбаева А.Ш., Юлдашева А.М., Оглодин Е.Г., Катышев А.Д., Кузнецов А.А., Фадеева А.В., Кутырев В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бердиев С.К., Ерошенко Г.А., Балыкова А.Н., Усенбаев Н.Т., Кебекбаева Н.Т., Джапарова А.К., Муканметэсен уулу Ж., Жумашов Д., Ражапбаева А.Ш., Юлдашева А.М., Оглодин Е.Г., Катышев А.Д., Кузнецов А.А., Фадеева А.В., Кутырев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Berdiev S.K., Eroshenko G.A., Balykova A.N., Usenbaev N.T., Kebekbaeva N.T., Dzhaparova A.K., Mukanmetesen uulu Z., Zhumashov D., Razhapbaeva A.S., Yuldasheva A.M., Oglodin E.G., Katyshev A.D., Kuznetsov A.A., Fadeeva A.V., Kutyrev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1896">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1896</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – анализ результатов исследования полевого материала, полученного в 2023 г. в природных очагах чумы Кыргызской Республики (КР), с помощью современных диагностических технологий.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучено 1435 биологических образцов из Тянь-Шаньского, Алайского и Таласского высокогорных очагов КР с использованием традиционных методов лабораторной диагностики чумы: микробиологических, иммунологических, биологических, а также современных молекулярно-генетических методов. Индикацию полученных образцов на наличие ДНК возбудителя чумы проводили с помощью ПЦР-РВ, а наличие антител к чумному микробу выявляли методом иммуноферментного анализа. Молекулярную идентификацию штаммов Yersinia pestis по их принадлежности к подвидам, биоварам, филогенетическим линиям проводили методом ПЦР-РВ с применением способа выявления однонуклеотидных замен с помощью анализа кривых плавления продуктов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Разработан и прошел практическую проверку способ молекулярной идентификации штаммов Y. pestis из очагов чумы КР методом выявления однонуклеотидных замен с помощью анализа кривых плавления продуктов (HMR-анализ) с использованием комплекта сконструированных праймеров. Установлена принадлежность выделенных в Сарыджазском автономном очаге Тянь-Шаньского высокогорного очага штаммов Y. pestis к античному биовару основного подвида, филогенетической ветви 0.ANT5. Исследовано филогенетическое родство выделенных в 2023 г. штаммов Y. pestis по данным полногеномного SNP-анализа. Установлены участки эпизоотической активности в Восточном Алае. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о продолжающейся активизации очагов чумы КР. Также обсуждаются участки территории КР, перспективные для проведения палеогеномных исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work was to analyze the results of investigating the field material obtained from natural plague foci of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) in 2023, using modern diagnostic technologies.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 1435 biological samples from the Tien Shan, Alai and Talas high-mountain foci of the Kyrgyz Republic were studied using conventional methods of laboratory diagnosis of plague: microbiological, immunological, biological; as well as modern molecular-genetic methods. Testing of the obtained samples for the presence of plague pathogen DNA was carried out using RT-PCR; and the presence of antibodies to the plague microbe was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Molecular identification of Yersinia pestis strains according to their appurtenance to subspecies, biovars, and phylogenetic lineages was performed by RT-PCR using the method of identifying single-nucleotide substitutions based on the analysis of melting curves of products.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. An approach to the molecular identification of Y. pestis strains from plague foci of the KR has been developed and validated through identifying singlenucleotide substitutions using the analysis of product melting curves (HMR-analysis) with a set of designed primers. It has been established that Y. pestis strains isolated in the Sarydzhaz autonomous focus of the Tien Shan high-mountain focus belong to the biovar antiqua of the main subspecies, phylogenetic branch 0.ANT5. The phylogenetic relation of Y. pestis strains isolated in 2023 was studied based on genome-wide SNP analysis. Areas of epizootic activity in Eastern Alai have been identified. The data obtained indicate the sustained activation of plague foci in the KR. Areas of the territory of the KR that are promising for paleogenomic research are also discussed.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чума</kwd><kwd>природные очаги Кыргызской Республики</kwd><kwd>штаммы Y. pestis</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plague</kwd><kwd>natural foci of the Kyrgyz Republic</kwd><kwd>Y. pestis strains</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова А.Ю., Кутырев В.В., редакторы. Атлас природных очагов чумы России и зарубежных государств. Калининград: РА Полиграфычъ; 2022. 348 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popova A.Yu., Kutyrev V.V., editors. 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