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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2023-4-91-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1902</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полногеномное секвенирование и поиск детерминант формирования устойчивости к действию бензалкония хлорида у Burkholderia pseudomallei</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Whole-Genome Sequencing and Search for Determinants of Resistance to Benzalkonium Chloride in Burkholderia pseudomallei</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-9648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лучинин</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luchinin</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luchinin.dmitrii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4516-731X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устинов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustinov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vari2@sprint-v.com.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6446-0274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпак</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpak</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vari2@sprint-v.com.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3722-8159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молчанова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molchanova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vari2@sprint-v.com.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФКУЗ «Волгоградский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Volgograd Research Anti-Plague Institute<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лучинин Д.Н., Устинов Д.В., Шпак И.М., Молчанова Е.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лучинин Д.Н., Устинов Д.В., Шпак И.М., Молчанова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Luchinin D.N., Ustinov D.V., Shpak I.M., Molchanova E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1902">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1902</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – полногеномное секвенирование и сравнительный анализ исходного и резистентного к действию бензалкония хлорида штаммов Burkholderia pseudomallei.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе использованы штаммы: B. pseudomallei 134, B. pseudomallei 134К, устойчивый к бензалкония хлориду. Полногеномное секвенирование производили на платформе MiSeq Reagent Kit v3 (600-cycle). Сборку геномов обоих штаммов проводили с помощью ассемблера SPAdes v3.11.1. Для сравнения последовательностей геномов исследуемых штаммов использовали программу Snippy v4.6.0. Для построения выравниваний нуклеотидных и аминокислотных последовательностей применяли программный продукт MEGA X.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Поиск и анализ детерминант, которые могут быть ответственны за появление устойчивости к биоцидам у B. pseudomallei 134K, выявили два гена: ген транскрипционного репрессора TetR и ген эффлюксной помпы AmrAB-OprA. В регуляторе TetR обнаружен однонуклеотидный полиморфизм, что обусловило замену серина на пролин в мутантном белке и, как следствие, изменение его вторичной структуры. Предполагается, что данная мутация ведет к потере функции белка-регулятора, в результате чего увеличивается экспрессия регулируемых им генов эффлюксной помпы (AcrB/AcrD/AcrF), в связи с чем происходит как снижение уровня чувствительности к бензалкония хлориду, так и появление резистентности к цефтазидиму. В гене эффлюксной помпы AmrAB-OprA выявлена инсерция 16 нуклеотидов в положении 544-го участка оперона amrA, что повлекло за собой увеличение длины цистрона, сдвиг рамки считывания, изменение аминокислотного состава вторичной структуры кодируемого протеина. Вероятнее всего, данная мутация приводит к потере функции оперона AmrAB-OprA и невозможности нормального оттока ксенобиотиков из цитоплазмы микроорганизма. Данное предположение подтверждается тем фактом, что мутантный штамм утратил устойчивость к гентамицину.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to carry out whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis of the original and benzalkonium chloride-resistant strains of Burkholderia pseudomallei.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We used the strain B. pseudomallei 134 and resistant to benzalkonium chloride B. pseudomallei 134K. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on the MiSeq Reagent Kit v3 platform (600-cucle).Genome assembly for both strains was performed with the help of SPAdes v3.11.1. In order to compare genome sequences of the studied strains, Snippy v4.6.0 software was applied. MEGA X program was used to align the nucleotide and amino acid sequences.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The search and analysis of determinants responsible for the emergence of resistance to biocides in B. pseudomallei 134K have revealed two genes: the TetR transcriptional repressor gene and the AmrAB-OprA efflux pump gene. A single nucleotide polymorphism has been found in the TetR regulator, which led to the replacement of serine by proline in the mutant protein, and, as a result, a change in its secondary structure. It is believed that this mutation causes the loss of regulatory protein functionality, resulting in an increased expression of the efflux pump genes (AcrB/AcrD/AcrF) regulated by it. This follows by both, decrease in the level of sensitivity to benzalkonium chloride and the emergence of resistance to ceftazidime. In the AmrAB-OprA efflux pump gene, an insertion of 16 nucleotides has been detected at the position 544 of the amrA operon, which led to an increase in the length of the cistron, a shift in the reading frame, a change in the amino acid composition, and, as a result, a change in the secondary structure of the encoded protein. It is most likely that this mutation contributes to the loss of AmrAB-OprA operon function and the failure of normal outflow of xenobiotics from the cytoplasm of the microorganism. This assumption is evidenced by the loss of resistance to gentamicin in the mutant strain.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Burkholderia pseudomallei</kwd><kwd>мелиоидоз</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd><kwd>дезинфектант</kwd><kwd>полногеномное секвенирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Burkholderia pseudomallei</kwd><kwd>melioidosis</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>disinfectant</kwd><kwd>whole-genome sequencing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng A.C., Currie B.J. Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2005; 18(2):383–416. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.18.2.383-416.2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng A.C., Currie B.J. Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2005; 18(2):383–416. 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