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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2023-4-96-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1903</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ауксотрофность штаммов Yersinia pestis античного биовара и ее генетические основы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Auxotrophy of Yersinia pestis Strains of Antiqua Biovar and Its Genetic Basis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7713-7959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макашова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makashova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2438-8364</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куклева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukleva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-3820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Червякова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chervyakova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-099X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нарышкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naryshkina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7752-6321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коврижников</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovrizhnikov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-989X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерошенко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eroshenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швиденко</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvidenko</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-3452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУН «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макашова М.А., Куклева Л.М., Червякова Н.С., Нарышкина Е.А., Коврижников А.В., Ерошенко Г.А., Швиденко И.Г., Кутырев В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макашова М.А., Куклева Л.М., Червякова Н.С., Нарышкина Е.А., Коврижников А.В., Ерошенко Г.А., Швиденко И.Г., Кутырев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makashova M.A., Kukleva L.M., Chervyakova N.S., Naryshkina E.A., Kovrizhnikov A.V., Eroshenko G.A., Shvidenko I.G., Kutyrev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1903">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1903</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – изучение зависимости роста от аминокислот у штаммов Yersinia pestis разных филогенетических ветвей античного биовара и определение генетических основ ауксотрофности этих штаммов.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе использовали 38 штаммов Y. pestis основного подвида античного биовара, выделенных в различных очагах мира в период 1928–2020 гг. Питательные потребности штаммов определяли высевом на минимальный агар Difco с различным набором аминокислот. Для проведения филогенетического анализа штаммов использовали программы Wombac 2.0 и SeaView 5.0.5. Сравнительный анализ нуклеотидных последовательностей генов выполняли с помощью алгоритма BLAST и программы Mega 7.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Определена филогенетическая принадлежность использованных штаммов Y. pestis античного биовара к филогенетическим ветвям 0.ANT3, 0.ANT5, 1.ANT, 2.ANT3, 3.ANT2, 4.ANT. Установлено, что у всех исследованных штаммов античного биовара имеется общая зависимость роста от трех аминокислот – фенилаланина, треонина и метионина. У большинства штаммов античного биовара всех филогенетических ветвей рост также зависел от присутствия в среде цистеина, за исключением части штаммов филогенетической ветви 4.ANT. В 14 генах метаболизма серы и цистеина обнаружено 19 мутаций. Для каждой филогенетической группы античного биовара характерен свой профиль мутаций в генах, участвующих в биосинтезе цистеина. Установлена потребность в лейцине штаммов филогенетической ветви 0.ANT5, причиной которой может являться сдвиг рамки считывания в гене leuA. Штаммы ветви 1.ANT, выделенные на территории Демократической Республики Конго, проявляли дополнительную зависимость роста от пролина. Установленные питательные потребности штаммов и генетические причины ауксотрофности дополняют фенотипические и генетические характеристики филогенетических ветвей античного биовара и могут быть использованы в качестве генетических маркеров для дифференциации этих штаммов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work was to study the growth dependence on amino acids in Yersinia pestis strains of different phylogenetic branches of the antiqua biovar and to determine the genetic basis of auxotrophy of these strains.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We used 38 strains of Y. pestis, the main subspecies of the antiqua biovar, isolated in various foci of the world in the period of 1928–2020. The nutritional requirements of the strains were determined by incubation on Difco minimal agar with different sets of amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis of the strains was carried out using the Wombac 2.0 and SeaView 5.0.5 programs. Comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the genes was performed using the BLAST algorithm and the Mega 7.0 program.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The phylogenetic appurtenance of the investigated Y. pestis strains of antiqua biovar to the phylogenetic branches 0.ANT3, 0.ANT5, 1.ANT, 2.ANT3, 3.ANT2, 4.ANT has been determined. It is established that all studied strains have a common dependence of growth on three amino acids – phenylalanine, threonine, and methionine. In the majority of the strains of antiqua biovar of all phylogenetic branches, growth is also dependent on the presence of cysteine in the medium, except for a part of the strains of the phylogenetic branch 4.ANT. In 14 genes of sulfur and cysteine metabolism, 19 mutations have been identified. Each phylogenetic group of the antique biovar has a distinct profile of mutations in genes involved in cysteine biosynthesis. The leucine requirement of the strains belonging to phylogenetic branch 0.ANT5 has been established, possibly caused by a frame shift in the leuA gene. Strains of the 1.ANT branch isolated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo demonstrate an additional proline-dependent growth. The defined nutritional requirements in the strains and the genetic causes of auxotrophy complement the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the phylogenetic branches of the antiqua biovar and can be used as genetic markers for the differentiation of these strains.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возбудитель чумы</kwd><kwd>античный биовар</kwd><kwd>питательные потребности штаммов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plague agent</kwd><kwd>antiqua biovar</kwd><kwd>and nutritional requirements of strains</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bos K.I., Schuenemann V.J., Golding G.B., Burbano H.A., Waglechner N., Coombes B.K., McPhee J.B., DeWitte S.N., Meyer M., Schmedes S., Wood J., Earn D.J., Herring D.A., Bauer P., Poinar H.N., Krause J. A draft genome of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death. 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