microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2023-4-156-159microbe-1910Research ArticleКРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯBRIEF COMMUNICATIONSВыявление мутаций гена S SARS‑CoV‑2 методом ПЦР в сезоны повышенной заболеваемости коронавирусной инфекцией в Чувашской РеспубликеDetection of SARS‑CoV‑2 S Gene Mutations Using PCR during Seasons of Increased Incidence of Coronavirus Infection in the Chuvash Republichttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-0711ПрищепаН. П.PrishchepaN. P.

428020, Чебоксары, ул. Федора Гладкова, 33

33, Fedora Gladkova St., Cheboksary, 428020

fc@orthoscheb.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8786-4316ДобровольскаяН. Ю.Dobrovol’skayaN. Yu.

428020, Чебоксары, ул. Федора Гладкова, 33

33, Fedora Gladkova St., Cheboksary, 428020

fc@orthoscheb.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-943XНикифороваВ. И.NikiforovaV. I.

428020, Чебоксары, ул. Федора Гладкова, 33

33, Fedora Gladkova St., Cheboksary, 428020

fc@orthoscheb.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-6581ТарасоваТ. С.TarasovaT. S.

428020, Чебоксары, ул. Федора Гладкова, 33

33, Fedora Gladkova St., Cheboksary, 428020

fc@orthoscheb.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-145XПреображенскаяЕ. В.PreobrazhenskayaE. V.

428020, Чебоксары, ул. Федора Гладкова, 33

33, Fedora Gladkova St., Cheboksary, 428020

fc@orthoscheb.ruФГБУ «Федеральный центр травматологии, ортопедии и эндопротезирования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics, and Endoprosthetics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation20231001202404156159Copyright © Прищепа Н.П., Добровольская Н.Ю., Никифорова В.И., Тарасова Т.С., Преображенская Е.В., 20242024Прищепа Н.П., Добровольская Н.Ю., Никифорова В.И., Тарасова Т.С., Преображенская Е.В.Prishchepa N.P., Dobrovol’skaya N.Y., Nikiforova V.I., Tarasova T.S., Preobrazhenskaya E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1910

Мутации в геноме SARS‑CoV‑2 позволяют эффективно преодолевать многие защитные механизмы организма, чем и объясняется распространение инфекции среди вакцинированных или ранее переболевших людей.

Цель работы – исследовать динамику мутаций в геноме вируса SARS‑CoV‑2 в период повышения сезонной заболеваемости в Чувашской Республике.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. В условиях клинико-диагностической лаборатории ФГБУ «Федеральный центр травматологии, ортопедии и эндопротезирования» Минздрава России (г. Чебоксары) методом ОТ-ПЦР исследованы пробы, взятые в январе – феврале и июле – октябре 2022 г., в которых обнаружена РНК SARS‑CoV‑2. Использовали «МБС-Тест SARS‑CoV‑2 РНК» (ТУ 21.20.23-068-26329720-2021, Россия) и «АмплиТест SARS‑CoV‑2 VOC v.3» (серия V017, РУ № РЗН 2022/16307, Россия) в соответствии с инструкциями по применению.

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. В исследованных пробах, полученных в разные периоды распространения коронавируса SARS‑CoV‑2 на территории Чувашской Республики в 2022 г., выявлены различия в совокупностях мутаций гена S SARS‑CoV‑2. В Чувашии, как и в России в целом, в начале 2022 г. вариант дельта был вытеснен вариантом омикрон, продолжающим активно мутировать с появлением множества новых вариантов.

Mutations in the SARS‑CoV‑2 genome make it possible to effectively escape defense mechanisms of the host, which explains the spread of infection among vaccinated or previously affected by the virus individuals.

The aim of the study was to investigate the dynamics of mutations in the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus genome during the rise of the seasonal incidence in the Chuvash Republic.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Under conditions of the clinical diagnostic laboratory of the Federal Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Endoprosthetics of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Cheboksary), samples, containing SARS‑CoV‑2 RNA, taken in January-February and July-October, 2022 were tested using reverse transcription PCR. The “MBS-Test SARS‑CoV‑2 RNA” (Technical Specifications 21.20.23-068-26329720-2021, Russia) and “AmpliTest SARS‑CoV‑2 VOC v.3” (Series V017, Certificate of Registration No. 2022/16307, Russia) were utilized in compliance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Results and discussion

Results and discussion. Variations in the sets of SARS‑CoV‑2 S gene mutations have been revealed in the studied samples obtained during different periods of the spread of SARS‑CoV‑2 coronavirus. Timely detection of various mutations in the virus genome at the beginning of the epidemiological season and the alleged rise in the incidence of coronavirus infection is valuable information for forecasting the rate of virus transmission. It can also be used to create vaccines (taking into account changes in the virus genome) and to choose the adequate tactics for treating coronavirus infection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.