microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2024-1-59-66microbe-1945Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSБактериальные вакцины с регулируемой отсроченной аттенуациейBacterial Vaccines with Regulated Delayed Attenuationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-1755ПлатоновМ. Е.PlatonovM. E.

Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8400-5276ЛипатниковаН. А.LipatnikovaN. A.

Липатникова Надежда Алексеевна, 

142279, Московская обл., п. Оболенск

Nadezhda A. Lipatnikova,

Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279

n.a.lipatnikova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-8949ДентовскаяС. В.DentovskayaS. V.

142279, Московская обл., п. Оболенск

Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5499-7999АнисимовА. П.AnisimovA. P.

142279, Московская обл., п. Оболенск

Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279

ФБУН «Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии»РоссияState Scientific Center of Applied Microbiology and BiotechnologyRussian Federation202402042024015966Copyright © Платонов М.Е., Липатникова Н.А., Дентовская С.В., Анисимов А.П., 20242024Платонов М.Е., Липатникова Н.А., Дентовская С.В., Анисимов А.П.Platonov M.E., Lipatnikova N.A., Dentovskaya S.V., Anisimov A.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1945

На протяжении чуть более 200 лет с момента открытия Э. Дженнера вакцинация продолжает оставаться ведущей стратегией эффективной защиты от инфекционных болезней, однако выпускаемые в настоящее время коммерческие живые аттенуированные и инактивированные вакцины обладают целым рядом серьезных недостатков. Бактериальные штаммы в живых вакцинах должны быть полностью аттенуированы, сохраняя при этом высокую степень иммуногенности. Однако большинство используемых в настоящее время способов аттенуации делают потенциальные вакцинные штаммы более восприимчивыми к воздействию защитных механизмов хозяина, снижая способность сохраняться в организме вакцинируемого индивидуума в количествах и в течение сроков, достаточных для формирования длительного и напряженного иммунитета. Инактивация же микроорганизмов с помощью различных химических реагентов и/или физических факторов, лежащая в основе получения убитых вакцин, может с высокой долей вероятности нарушить нативную конформацию эпитопов антигенов, расположенных на поверхности бактериальной клетки, что ведет к снижению иммуногенности. В обзоре рассмотрена перспективная биотехнологическая платформа для разработки вакцин на основе методологии регулируемой отсроченной экспрессии и репрессии генов, разработанная для решения указанных выше противоречий.

Over the past 200 years since the moment of E. Jenner’s discovery, vaccination continues to be the leading strategy for protection against infectious diseases, but commercially available live attenuated and inactivated vaccines have a number of serious drawbacks. Bacterial strains should be completely attenuated in live vaccines, while maintaining a high degree of immunogenicity. However, the majority of attenuation methods currently used makes potential vaccine strains more susceptible to the action of various host defenses, reducing the ability to persist in the body of the vaccinated individual in quantities and for periods sufficient for formation of long-term and intense immunity. Inactivation of microorganisms underlying the production of killed vaccines, applying various reagents and /or physical factors, can disrupt the native conformation of antigenic epitopes located on bacterial cell surface, which leads to a decrease in immunogenicity. This review examines a promising biotechnological platform for the development of vaccines based on the methodology of regulated delayed gene expression and repression of genes, which was developed to resolve the above-mentioned contradictions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.