<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2024-1-67-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-1946</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпидемиологическая ситуация по чуме в мире. Прогноз эпизоотической активности природных очагов чумы Российской Федерации на 2024 г.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiological Situation on Plague around the World. Forecast of Epizootic Activity of Natural Plague Foci in the Russian Federation for 2024</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-9261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попов Николай Владимирович, </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrupi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-6727</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карнаухов</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karnaukhov</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0677-4846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-7188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матросов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matrosov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4849-3866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-3766</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марцоха</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martsokha</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9686-9020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куклев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuklev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1947-5252</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корзун</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzun</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-616X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вержуцкий</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verzhutsky</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6051-1409</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чипанин</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chipanin</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9344-3542</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Холин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kholin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-3311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопатин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopatin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4, Musorgskogo St., Moscow, 127490</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3817-2513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубянский</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubyansky</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9197-588X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашибоков</surname><given-names>У. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashibokov</surname><given-names>U. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8775-0087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газиева</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazieva</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-6267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3a, Novogireevskaya St., Moscow, 111123</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4201-5828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балахонов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakhonov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-3949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куличенко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulichenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-3452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУН «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт Сибири и Дальнего Востока»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia and Far East</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Противочумный центр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plague Control Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Ставропольский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попов Н.В., Карнаухов И.Г., Кузнецов А.А., Матросов А.Н., Иванова А.В., Марцоха К.С., Куклев Е.В., Корзун В.М., Вержуцкий Д.Б., Чипанин Е.В., Холин А.В., Лопатин А.А., Дубянский В.М., Ашибоков У.М., Газиева А.Ю., Кутырев И.В., Балахонов С.В., Куличенко А.Н., Кутырев В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попов Н.В., Карнаухов И.Г., Кузнецов А.А., Матросов А.Н., Иванова А.В., Марцоха К.С., Куклев Е.В., Корзун В.М., Вержуцкий Д.Б., Чипанин Е.В., Холин А.В., Лопатин А.А., Дубянский В.М., Ашибоков У.М., Газиева А.Ю., Кутырев И.В., Балахонов С.В., Куличенко А.Н., Кутырев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popov N.V., Karnaukhov I.G., Kuznetsov A.A., Matrosov A.N., Ivanova A.V., Martsokha K.S., Kuklev E.V., Korzun V.M., Verzhutsky D.B., Chipanin E.V., Kholin A.V., Lopatin A.A., Dubyansky V.M., Ashibokov U.M., Gazieva A.Y., Kutyrev I.V., Balakhonov S.V., Kulichenko A.N., Kutyrev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1946">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1946</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью обзора является оценка эпидемиологической ситуации в природных очагах чумы Российской Федерации, стран ближнего и дальнего зарубежья в 2023 г. и прогноз их эпизоотической активности на 2024 г. В 2023 г. в мире случаи заболевания чумой зарегистрированы в пяти государствах: Демократической Республике Конго (60 случаев), Республике Мадагаскар (14), Соединенных Штатах Америки (2), Китайской Народной Республике (3) и Монголии (5). Всего зарегистрировано 84 случая заболевания чумой, из которых 22 (26,2 %) закончились летальным исходом. В Российской Федерации в 2023 г., вследствие выполнения учреждениями Роспотребнадзора комплекса профилактических мероприятий, эпидемические риски в эпизоотически активных природных очагах были значительно снижены, что явилось гарантом обеспечения эпидемиологического благополучия по чуме. В 2023 г. в РФ эпизоотии чумы выявлены на территории двух (Горно-Алтайского высокогорного и Тувинского горного) из 11 природных очагов чумы. Эпизоотии зарегистрированы на территории Кош-Агачского района Республики Алтай и Монгун-Тайгинского кожууна Республики Тыва. Общая площадь эпизоотий в 2023 г. в РФ составила 731,2 км2 (в 2022 г. – 248,3 км2 ). Всего в 2023 г. изолировано 55 культур античного биовара основного подвида Yersinia pestis pestis (в 2022 г. – 19). Обоснован прогноз на сохранение в 2024 г. напряженной эпидемиологической обстановки на территории республик Алтай и Тыва. Отмечено сохранение тенденции роста эпизоотического потенциала Восточно-Кавказского высокогорного и Дагестанского равнинно-предгорного очагов чумы. Обоснована перспективность внедрения в практику автоматизированной электронной системы оценки эпидемического потенциала природных очагов чумы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the review was to assess the epidemiological situation in natural plague foci in the Russian Federation, near and far abroad countries in 2023 and to forecast their epizootic activity for 2024. In 2023, cases of plague were registered in five countries worldwide: the Democratic Republic of the Congo (60 cases), the Republic of Madagascar (14), the United States of America (2), the People’s Republic of China (3), and Mongolia (5). A total of 84 cases of plague were recorded, of which 22 (26.2 %) were fatal. In the Russian Federation, in 2023, epidemic risks in epizootically active natural foci were significantly reduced due to the implementation of a set of preventive measures carried out by Rospotrebnadzor institutions, which was the guarantor of ensuring epidemiological well-being as regards plague. Plague epizootics were detected on the territory of two (Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Tuva mountain) out of 11 natural plague foci in the Russian Federation in 2023. Epizootics were reported on the territory of the Kosh-Agach district of the Altai Republic and the Mongun-Taiginsky kozhuun of the Tuva Republic. The total area of epizootics was 731.2 km2 (in 2022 – 248.3 km2). In total, 55 cultures of the antique biovar of the main subspecies Yersinia pestis pestis were isolated in 2023 (19 in 2022). The forecast for continuation of the tense epidemiological situation in the territory of the Altai and Tuva Republics in 2024 is substantiated. The trend of sustained growth in the epizootic potential of the East Caucasus high-mountain and Dagestan plain-piedmont plague foci is outlined. The prospects for introducing an automated electronic system for assessing the epidemic potential of natural plague foci into practice are explained.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>природные очаги чумы</kwd><kwd>эпизоотическая активность</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологический надзор</kwd><kwd>профилактические мероприятия</kwd><kwd>электронный паспорт</kwd><kwd>ГИС-портал</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>natural foci of plague</kwd><kwd>epizootic activity</kwd><kwd>epidemiological surveillance</kwd><kwd>preventive measures</kwd><kwd>electronic passport</kwd><kwd>GIS portal</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bramanti B., Stenseth N.C., Walløe L., Lei X. Plague: A disease which changed the path of human civilization. In: Yang R., Anisimov A., editors. Yersinia pestis: Retrospective and Perspective. Dordrecht: “Springer”; 2016. P. 1–26. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0890-4_1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bramanti B., Stenseth N.C., Walløe L., Lei X. Plague: A di¬ sease which changed the path of human civilization. In: Yang R., Anisimov A., editors. Yersinia pestis: Retrospective and Perspective. Dordrecht: “Springer”; 2016. P. 1–26. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024- 0890-4_1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sah R., Reda A., Mehta R., Mohapatra R.K., Dhama K. A situation analysis of the current plague outbreak in the Demographic Republic of Congo and counteracting strategies – Correspondence. Int. J. Surg. 2022; 105:106885. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sah R., Reda A., Mehta R., Mohapatra R.K., Dhama K. A si¬ tuation analysis of the current plague outbreak in the Demographic Republic of Congo and counteracting strategies – Correspondence. Int. J. Surg. 2022; 105:106885. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao J., Hu Y., Ju C., Liu J., Wang Y., Ma J., Shen X., Liu F., Guo J., Yu X., Zhang W., Wang S., Li K., Zhang Z., Kan B., Wang W., Cong X., Fan M., Li W., Shao K., Zhang T., Li J., Wang Y. Human plague case diagnosed in Ningxia tracked to animal reservoirs – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, 2021. China CDC Wkly. 2021; 3(52):1109–12. DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao J., Hu Y., Ju C., Liu J., Wang Y., Ma J., Shen X., Liu F., Guo J., Yu X., Zhang W., Wang S., Li K., Zhang Z., Kan B., Wang W., Cong X., Fan M., Li W., Shao K., Zhang T., Li J., Wang Y. Human plague case diagnosed in Ningxia tracked to animal reservoirs – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, 2021. China CDC Wkly. 2021; 3(52):1109–12. DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu L., Wang Q., Yang R., Ganbold D., Tsogbadrakh N., Dong K., Liu M., Altantogtokh D., Liu Q., Undrakhbold S., Boldgiv B., Liang W., Stenseth N.C. Climate-driven marmot-plague dynamics in Mongolia and China. Sci. Rep. 2023; 13(1):11906. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38966-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu L., Wang Q., Yang R., Ganbold D., Tsogbadrakh N., Dong K., Liu M., Altantogtokh D., Liu Q., Undrakhbold S., Boldgiv B., Liang W., Stenseth N.C. Climate-driven marmot-plague dynamics in Mongolia and China. Sci. Rep. 2023; 13(1):11906. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38966-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Z., Kang Y., Wang Y., Tan Y., Yao B., An K., Su J. Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) redistribution to high latitudes under climate change. Animals (Basel). 2023; 13(17):2736. DOI: 10.3390/ani13172736.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Z., Kang Y., Wang Y., Tan Y., Yao B., An K., Su J. Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) redistribution to high latitudes under climate change. Animals (Basel). 2023; 13(17):2736. DOI: 10.3390/ani13172736.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He Z., Wei B., Zhang Y., Liu J., Xi J., Ciren D., Qi T., Liang J., Duan R., Qin S., Lv D., Chen Y., Xiao M., Fan R., Song Z., Jing H., Wang X. Distribution and characteristics of human plague cases and Yersinia pestis isolates from 4 marmota plague foci, China, 1950–2019. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2021; 27(10):2544–53. DOI: 10.3201/eid2710.202239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He Z., Wei B., Zhang Y., Liu J., Xi J., Ciren D., Qi T., Liang J., Duan R., Qin S., Lv D., Chen Y., Xiao M., Fan R., Song Z., Jing H., Wang X. Distribution and characteristics of human plague cases and Yersinia pestis isolates from 4 marmota plague foci, China, 1950–2019. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2021; 27(10):2544–53. DOI: 10.3201/eid2710.202239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu B.X., Duan R., Wang H.H., Zhang D.Y., Qin S., Luo H.Y., Liu J., Liang J.R., Tang D.M., Jing H.Q., Wang J., Wang X. [Analysis on prevalence and epidemic risk of animal plague in different ecological plague foci in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine]. 2022; 56(1):9–14. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20211101-01007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu B.X., Duan R., Wang H.H., Zhang D.Y., Qin S., Luo H.Y., Liu J., Liang J.R., Tang D.M., Jing H.Q., Wang J., Wang X. [Analysis on prevalence and epidemic risk of animal plague in diffe¬rent ecological plague foci in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine]. 2022; 56(1):9–14. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20211101-01007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qin J., Wu Y., Shi L., Zuo X., Zhang X., Qian X., Fan H., Guo Y., Cui M., Zhang H., Yang F., Kong J., Song Y., Yang R., Wang P., Cui Y. Genomic diversity of Yersinia pestis from Yunnan Province, China, implies a potential common ancestor as the source of two plague epidemics. Commun. Biol. 2023; 6(1):847. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05186-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qin J., Wu Y., Shi L., Zuo X., Zhang X., Qian X., Fan H., Guo Y., Cui M., Zhang H., Yang F., Kong J., Song Y., Yang R., Wang P., Cui Y. Genomic diversity of Yersinia pestis from Yunnan Province, China, implies a potential common ancestor as the source of two plague epidemics. Commun. Biol. 2023; 6(1):847. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05186-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Otgonbayar D., Baigalmaa M., Uyanga B., Adiyasuren Z. Epidemiological and clinical features of plague cases registered in Khovd province, Mongolia (1993–2022). In: Current Issues on Zoonotic Diseases. Ulaanbaatar; 2023. Iss. 25. P. 74–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otgonbayar D., Baigalmaa M., Uyanga B., Adiyasuren Z. Epidemiological and clinical features of plague cases registered in Khovd province, Mongolia (1993–2022). In: Current Issues on Zoonotic Diseases. Ulaanbaatar; 2023. Iss. 25. P. 74–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Negi S., Tripathy S., Satapathy P., Neyazi A., Padhi B. Plague outbreak in Madagascar amidst COVID-19: A re-emerging concern of public health. Clinical Infection in Practice. 2023; 17(8):100222. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2023.100222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Negi S., Tripathy S., Satapathy P., Neyazi A., Padhi B. Plague outbreak in Madagascar amidst COVID-19: A re-emer¬ ging concern of public health. Clinical Infection in Practice. 2023; 17(8):100222. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2023.100222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rakotosamimanana S., Taglioni F., Ravaoarimanga M., Rajerison M.E., Rakotomanana F. Socioenvironmental determinants as indicators of plague risk in the central highlands of Madagascar: Experience of Ambositra and Tsiroanomandidy districts. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2023; 17(9):e0011538. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011538.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakotosamimanana S., Taglioni F., Ravaoarimanga M., Rajerison M.E., Rakotomanana F. Socioenvironmental determinants as indicators of plague risk in the central highlands of Madagascar: Experience of Ambositra and Tsiroanomandidy districts. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2023; 17(9):e0011538. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011538.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бердиев С.К., Ерошенко Г.А., Балыкова А.Н., Усенбаев Н.Т., Кебекбаева Н.Т., Джапарова А.К., Муканметэсен уулу Ж., Жумашов Д., Ражапбаева А.Ш., Юлдашева А.М., Оглодин Е.Г., Катышев А.Д., Кузнецов А.А., Фадеева А.В., Кутырев В.В. Современные диагностические технологии в исследовании полевого материала 2023 г. из природных очагов чумы Кыргызской Республики. Проблемы особо опасных инфекций. 2023; 4:50–61. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2023-4-50-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdiev S.K., Eroshenko G.A., Balykova A.N., Usenbaev N.T., Kebekbaeva N.T., Dzhaparova A.K., Mukanmetesen uulu Zh., Zhumashov D., Razhapbaeva A.Sh., Yuldasheva A.M., Oglodin E.G., Katyshev A.D., Kuznetsov A.A., Fadeeva A.V., Kutyrev V.V. [Modern diagnostic technologies in the study of the field material collected from the natural plague foci of the Kyrgyz Republic in 2023]. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii [Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections]. 2023; (4):50–61. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2023-4-50-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова А.Ю., Кутырев В.В., редакторы. Атлас природных очагов чумы России и зарубежных государств. Калининград: РА Полиграфычъ; 2022. 348 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popova A.Yu., Kutyrev V.V. [Atlas of Natural Plague Foci in Russia and Foreign Countries]. Kaliningrad: “RA Polygraphych”; 2022. 348 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балахонов С.В., Вержуцкий Д.Б., Корзун В.М., Куликалова Е.С., Холин А.В., Шаракшанов М.Б. Особенности современной эпизоотической ситуации и эпидемиологической обстановки по чуме в Южной Сибири, Монголии и Китае (обзор). Санитарный врач. 2021; 8:34–40. DOI: 10.33920/med-08-2108-05.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balakhonov S.V., Verzhutsky D.B., Korzun V.M., Kulikalova E.S., Kholin A.V., Sharakshanov M.B. [Features of the current epi- zootic situation and epidemiological situation on plague in southern Siberia, Mongolia and China (review)]. Sanitarny Vrach [Sanitary Doctor]. 2021; (8):34–40. DOI: 10.33920/med-08-2108-05.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
