microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2024-2-6-14microbe-1992Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОбзор эпизоотологической ситуации по высокопатогенному гриппу птиц в России и мире в 2023 г.Review on the Epizootiological Situation on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Globally and in Russia in 2023https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1548-5608ВасильцоваН. Н.Vasil’tsovaN. N.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

vector@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-0552ПановаА. С.PanovaA. S.

Панова Анастасия Сергеевна,

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Anastasia S. Panova,

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

panova_as@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-8412ПетровВ. Н.PetrovV. N.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-2794ДаниленкоА. В.DanilenkoA. V.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4573-5783СвятченкоС. В.SvyatchenkoS. V.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

ИвановаК. И.IvanovaK. I.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-1708ОнхоноваГ. С.OnkhonovaG. S.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

ГончароваН. И.GoncharovaN. I.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7009-0748РыжиковА. Б.RyzhikovA. B.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-6732МарченкоВ. Ю.MarchenkoV. Yu.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

ФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»РоссияState Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”Russian Federation20242206202402614Copyright © Васильцова Н.Н., Панова А.С., Петров В.Н., Даниленко А.В., Святченко С.В., Иванова К.И., Онхонова Г.С., Гончарова Н.И., Рыжиков А.Б., Марченко В.Ю., 20242024Васильцова Н.Н., Панова А.С., Петров В.Н., Даниленко А.В., Святченко С.В., Иванова К.И., Онхонова Г.С., Гончарова Н.И., Рыжиков А.Б., Марченко В.Ю.Vasil’tsova N.N., Panova A.S., Petrov V.N., Danilenko A.V., Svyatchenko S.V., Ivanova K.I., Onkhonova G.S., Goncharova N.I., Ryzhikov A.B., Marchenko V.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/1992

В 2023 г. ситуация в мире по высокопатогенному гриппу птиц в эпизоотологическом и эпидемиологическом плане была напряженной. Вирусом оказались инфицированы 150 видов птиц и десятки видов млекопитающих. Зарегистрировано более 650 вспышек среди сельскохозяйственной птицы на территории 29 стран, в результате чего погибло или было уничтожено около 19 млн особей. Наблюдался высокий уровень заболеваемости гриппом среди диких птиц (порядка 3 тыс. вспышек на территории 65 стран) и млекопитающих (более 16 тыс. случаев). Большинство вспышек среди дикой и домашней птицы и млекопитающих вызвано вирусами гриппа подтипа А(H5N1) клады 2.3.4.4b. Вспышки регистрировались в течение всего года во многих странах Европы, Азии, Африки, Северной и Южной Америки. Впервые зарегистрирован случай гибели полярного медведя от вируса гриппа A(H5N1). При этом в 50 % вирусов гриппа А(H5N1), вызвавших гибель животных, в белке PB2 обнаружены молекулярные маркеры адаптации к млекопитающим. В 2023 г. зарегистрированы случаи заражения людей вирусами высокопатогенного гриппа птиц A(H5N1) в Камбодже, Чили, Китае и Великобритании. Кроме того, в Китае отмечены случаи инфицирования вирусами A(H3N8), A(H5N6), A(H9N2) и A(H10N5). В России в 2023 г. зарегистрированы вспышки среди дикой и домашней птицы на территории 25 регионов, а также вспышка среди морских котиков на территории Сахалинской области. Все вспышки вызваны высоковирулентным вирусом гриппа подтипа А(H5N1) генетической клады 2.3.4.4b. Все исследованные нами вирусы, циркулировавшие в России в 2023 г., генетически соответствовали предложенным ВОЗ кандидатным вакцинным штаммам A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 (H5N8), A/chicken/Ghana/AVL-763_21VIR7050-39/2021 (H5N1) и A/American Wigeon/ South Carolina/22-000345-001/2021 (H5N1) по последовательности гемагглютинина и антигенно сходны с вакцинным штаммом A/Astrakhan/3212/2020.

The year 2023 saw a challenging epizootiological and epidemiological situation regarding highly pathogenic avian influenza. The virus affected 150 bird species and dozens of mammal species. More than 650 outbreaks were reported in poultry across 29 countries, resulting in the death or destruction of approximately 19 million specimens. There was a high incidence of the influenza among wild birds (approximately 3,000 outbreaks in 65 countries) and mammals (more than 16,000 cases). The majority of outbreaks in wild birds, poultry and mammals were caused by influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses. Many countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America experienced the outbreaks throughout the year. For the first time, a polar bear death from A(H5N1) virus was documented. Moreover, molecular markers of virus adaptation to mammals were found in PB2 proteins of 50 % of influenza A(H5N1) viruses that caused the death of animals. During the year 2023, human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses were reported in Cambodia, Chile, China, and the UK. In addition, human infections with A(H3N8), A(H5N6), A(H9N2) and A(H10N5) viruses were reported in China. In Russia in 2023, outbreaks among wild birds and poultry were registered in 25 regions, as well as an outbreak among fur seals in the Sakhalin Region. The stated outbreaks were caused by highly virulent influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b. Hemagglutinin sequences of all Russian viruses analyzed in this study in 2023 were genetically close to the WHO candidate vaccine strains A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 (H5N8), A/chicken/ Ghana/AVL-763_21VIR7050-39/2021 (H5N1) and A/American Wigeon/South Carolina/22-000345-001/2021 (H5N1). All studied A(H5N1) viruses were antigenically similar to the A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 vaccine strain.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.