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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2024-2-122-131</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2006</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геномный анализ штаммов Vibrio cholerae, выделенных в Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке в период седьмой пандемии холеры: идентификация принадлежности к глобальным филогенетическим линиям</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genomic Analysis of Vibrio cholerae Strains Isolated in Siberia and the Far East during the Seventh Cholera Pandemic: Determining the Appurtenance to Global Phylogenetic Lines</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-6442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миронова Лилия Валерьевна, </p><p>664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lilia V. Mironova,</p><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mironova-lv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9890-0960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотова</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4764-6330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галачьянц</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galach’yants</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78;</p><p>664033, Иркутск, ул. Улан-Баторская, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047;</p><p>3, Ulaanbaatar St., Irkutsk, 664033</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0674-6159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7937-1382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эрдынеев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erdyneev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-4300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хунхеева</surname><given-names>Ж. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khunkheeva</surname><given-names>Zh. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8358-2880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1167-7864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фортунатова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fortunatova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4201-5828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балахонов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakhonov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664047, Иркутск, ул. Трилиссера, 78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78, Trilissera St., Irkutsk, 664047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт Роспотребнадзора;&#13;
ФГБУН «Лимнологический институт» Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute;&#13;
Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>131</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Миронова Л.В., Федотова И.С., Галачьянц Ю.П., Пономарева А.С., Эрдынеев С.В., Хунхеева Ж.Ю., Басов Е.А., Фортунатова А.В., Балахонов С.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миронова Л.В., Федотова И.С., Галачьянц Ю.П., Пономарева А.С., Эрдынеев С.В., Хунхеева Ж.Ю., Басов Е.А., Фортунатова А.В., Балахонов С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mironova L.V., Fedotova I.S., Galach’yants Y.P., Ponomareva A.S., Erdyneev S.V., Khunkheeva Z.Y., Basov E.A., Fortunatova A.V., Balakhonov S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2006">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2006</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – определение филогенетического положения и особенностей организации геномов отдельных групп штаммов Vibrio cholerae, изолированных в Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке при разных эпидемиологических ситуациях в период седьмой пандемии холеры.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 275 штаммов V. cholerae, изолированных при эпидемических осложнениях или в благополучный по холере период в Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке, с разными профилями по основным геномным локусам патогенности. Для филогенетического анализа использованы геномы 969 изолятов V. cholerae из GenBank. Реконструкция филогении осуществлена методом расчета дистанций между штаммами на основе встречаемости k-меров. Поиск, анализ и визуализация структуры локусов мобильных генетических элементов в геномах V. cholerae осуществлены программами blastn и Prokka, а также авторскими скриптами R и Python.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Выделенные на территории Сибири и Дальнего Востока штаммы холерного вибриона вошли в состав трех глобальных филогенетических линий – L2, L3, L4. Распределение штаммов на филогенетические линии согласуется с эпидемиологической ситуацией, при которой они были изолированы. Прослеживается распределение штаммов на группы с дифференциацией на глобальные волны распространения этиологического агента седьмой пандемии холеры и предварительным определением потенциальных направлений завоза возбудителя на территорию. Выявлено, что, наряду с токсигенными вибрионами Эль Тор, к филогенетической линии L2 относятся и спонтанные мутанты, утратившие гены холерного токсина при хранении и пассаже на питательных средах. Структурный анализ подтверждает различия их геномной организации со штаммами, не имеющими профага СТХ при первичном ПЦРскрининге. Целесообразен двухэтапный алгоритм филогенетического анализа в рамках геномного мониторинга возбудителя холеры: первый этап – упрощенный подход на основе встречаемости k-меров для оперативного эпидемиологического анализа; второй этап – углубленный анализ геномов с применением комплекса филогенетических методов для реконструкции звеньев эпидемической цепи в пределах отдельных эпидосложнений, установления закономерностей происхождения и времени дивергенции клонов возбудителя.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim was to determine the phylogenetic position and features of the genome organization of individual groups of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated in Siberia and the Far East under different epidemiological situations during the seventh cholera pandemic.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We examined 275 V. cholerae strains, isolated during epidemic complications and during the cholera-free period in Siberia and the Far East, with different profiles of the main genomic loci of pathogenicity. The genomes of 969 V. cholerae strains from GenBank were used for phylogenetic analysis. The phylogeny reconstruction was carried out through calculating the distances between strains based on the occurrence of k-mers. The search, analysis and visualization of the loci structure in mobile genetic elements in V. cholerae genomes were performed using the blastn and Prokka programs and the author’s R and Python scripts.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Strains of V. cholerae isolated in Siberia and the Far East have been included in three global phylogenetic lines – L2, L3, L4. The distribution of strains from Siberia and the Far East along phylogenetic lines corresponds to the epidemiological situation in which they were isolated. We have identified the differentiation of strains by groups consistent with the global waves of spread of the etiological agent of the seventh cholera pandemic. We also traced potential paths for the import of the cholera pathogen into the territory of the Russian Federation. It has been revealed that spontaneous mutants that lost cholera toxin genes during storage and cultivation on nutrient media belong to the L2 phylogenetic lineage as well as toxigenic El Tor vibrios. The structural analysis confirms the differences in their genome organization and strains that do not have a CTX prophage during primary PCR screening. We recommend a two-stage algorithm of phylogenetic analysis within the framework of genomic monitoring of cholera agent: the first stage is a simplified assessment based on the occurrence of k-mers for express epidemiological analysis; the second stage is an in-depth analysis of genomes using a complex of phylogenetic methods for the reconstruction of links in individual epidemic complications, to establish patterns of origin and time of divergence of the pathogen clones.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Vibrio cholerae</kwd><kwd>полногеномное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>филогенетические линии</kwd><kwd>структурный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Vibrio cholerae</kwd><kwd>whole genome sequencing</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic lines</kwd><kwd>structural analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Марамович А.С., Голубинский Е.П., Маслов Д.В., Вершкова Т.И., Урбанович Л.Я., Алленов А.В., Мурначев Г.П., Гарковенко Л.Е., Воронок В.М. 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