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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2024-3-15-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2037</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выявление иммунологических коррелятов протекции при формировании специфического иммунитета к Francisella tularensis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Identification of Immunological Correlates of Protection during Development of Specific Immunity to Francisella tularensis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3159-6439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карцева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kartseva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карцева Алена Сергеевна</p><p>Российская Федерация, 142279, Московская обл., г.о. Серпухов, п. Оболенск, Территория «Квартал А », 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24, “Block A” Territory, Obolensk, urban district Serpukhov, Moscow Region, 142279, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kartseva_as@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-2807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силкина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silkina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 142279, Московская обл., г.о. Серпухов, п. Оболенск, Территория «Квартал А », 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24, “Block A” Territory, Obolensk, urban district Serpukhov, Moscow Region, 142279, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@obvolensk.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4908-2524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иващенко</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashchenko</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 142279, Московская обл., г.о. Серпухов, п. Оболенск, Территория «Квартал А », 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24, “Block A” Territory, Obolensk, urban district Serpukhov, Moscow Region, 142279, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@obvolensk.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-6516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романенко</surname><given-names>Я. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanenko</surname><given-names>Ya. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 142279, Московская обл., г.о. Серпухов, п. Оболенск, Территория «Квартал А », 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24, “Block A” Territory, Obolensk, urban district Serpukhov, Moscow Region, 142279, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@obvolensk.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-2621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саяпина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sayapina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 127051, Москва, Петровский бульвар, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Building 2, 8, Petrovsky Boulevard, Moscow, 127051, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">general@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фирстова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Firstova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская Федерация, 142279, Московская обл., г.о. Серпухов, п. Оболенск, Территория «Квартал А », 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24, “Block A” Territory, Obolensk, urban district Serpukhov, Moscow Region, 142279, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@obvolensk.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Center on Expertise of Medical Application Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карцева А.С., Силкина М.В., Иващенко Т.А., Романенко Я.О., Саяпина Л.В., Фирстова В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карцева А.С., Силкина М.В., Иващенко Т.А., Романенко Я.О., Саяпина Л.В., Фирстова В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kartseva A.S., Silkina M.V., Ivashchenko T.A., Romanenko Y.O., Sayapina L.V., Firstova V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2037">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2037</self-uri><abstract><p>Живая туляремийная вакцина является одной из самых эффективных бактериальных вакцин, при этом обладает высокой остаточной вирулентностью для лабораторных животных, что коррелирует с ее высокой реактогенностью при иммунизации людей с иммунодефицитным состоянием. Прогресс в создании безопасной и эффективной вакцины для профилактики туляремии затруднен из-за недостатка знаний о коррелятах протекции. Цель работы – анализ литературы, посвященной изучению ключевых моментов формирования поствакцинального иммунного ответа на введение живых туляремийных вакцин и рекомбинантных штаммов – кандитатов в вакцинные, а также определение иммунологических коррелятов протекции при формировании специфического иммунитета к Francisella tularensis. В обзоре рассматриваются основные аспекты формирования врожденного и адаптивного иммунных ответов на введение живых туляремийных вакцин на основе аттенуированных штаммов F. tularensis 15 НИИЭГ и F. tularensis LVS у людей и при экспериментальной туляремийной инфекции на мышиной модели. Изучение механизмов адаптивного иммунитета и выявление иммунологических коррелятов протекции при экспериментальной туляремии на мышиной модели является важным этапом в исследованиях по разработке новых вакцинных штаммов и совершенствованию лабораторных методов оценки Т-клеточного звена иммунитета. Основное внимание сосредоточено на изучении клеточных механизмов, лежащих в основе формирования протективного иммунитета при экспериментальной туляремии, определении иммунологических критериев его оценки и роли выявленных показателей в долгосрочной защите после окончания активной фазы иммунного ответа, индуцированного иммунизацией вакцинными препаратами на основе аттенуированных штаммов F. tularensis. Обсуждается влияние вакцинации на дифференцировку, функциональную активность и длительность циркулирования специфических центральных и эффекторных CD4+ и CD8+ Т-клеток памяти у людей и мышей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Live tularemia vaccine is one of the most effective bacterial vaccines. However, it also has high residual virulence for laboratory animals and may cause adverse reactions in individuals with compromised immune systems. The development of a safe and effective tularemia vaccine is impeded by insufficient understanding of the protection correlates. The aim of this work is to review the literature on the development of post-vaccinal immune responses to live tularemia vaccines and recombinant vaccine candidate strains and to determine the immunological correlates of protection in the formation of specific immunity to Francisella tularensis. This review describes the main aspects of the development of innate and adaptive immune responses to the administration of live tularemia vaccines based on attenuated strains of F. tularensis 15 NIIEG and F. tularensis LVS in humans and in experimental tularemia infection in a mouse model. Studying the mechanisms of adaptive immunity and identifying immunological correlates of protection in experimental tularemia in a murine model is crucial for researching new vaccine strains and improving laboratory methods for assessing the T-cell component of immunity. The main focus is on the study of cellular mechanisms underlying the formation of protective immunity in experimental tularemia, the determination of immunological criteria for its evaluation and the role of identified indicators in long-term protection after the end of the active phase of the immune response induced by immunization with vaccines based on attenuated F. tularensis strains. We discuss the effects of vaccination on the differentiation, functional activity, and duration of specific central and effector CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cells circulation in humans and mice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туляремия</kwd><kwd>штаммы – кандидаты в вакцинные</kwd><kwd>иммунологические корреляты</kwd><kwd>Т-клетки памяти</kwd><kwd>критерии оценки иммунного ответа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tularemia</kwd><kwd>vaccine candidate strains</kwd><kwd>immunological correlates</kwd><kwd>memory T-cells</kwd><kwd>immune response evaluation criteria</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках отраслевой программы Роспотребнадзора на 2021– 2025 гг. «Изучение механизмов иммунопатогенеза возбудителей инфекционных заболеваний».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the industry program of the Rospotrebnadzor for 2021–2025 “Study of immunopathogenesis mechanisms in agents of infectious diseases”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудрявцева Т.Ю., Попов В.П., Мокриевич А.Н., Куликалова Е.С., Холин А.В., Мазепа А.В., Транквилевский Д.В., Храмов М.В., Дятлов И.А. 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