microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2025-1-18-26microbe-2111Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЭпизоотологическая и эпидемиологическая обстановка по высокопатогенному гриппу птиц в мире и на территории Российской Федерации в 2024 г.Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Globally and in the Russian Federation in 2024https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1548-5608ВасильцоваН. Н.VasiltsovaN. N.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

vector@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-0552ПановаА. С.PanovaA. S.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

panova_as@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-8412ПетровВ. Н.PetrovV. N.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-2794ДаниленкоА. В.DanilenkoA. V.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4351-8267ШадриноваК. Н.ShadrinovaK. N.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4573-5783СвятченкоС. В.SvyatchenkoS. V.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3191-1360ИвановаК. И.IvanovaK. I.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-1708ОнхоноваГ. С.OnkhonovaG. S.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6753-597XГончароваН. И.GoncharovaN. I.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-6732МарченкоВ. Ю.MarchenkoV. Yu.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

ФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»РоссияState Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”Russian Federation202528032025011826Copyright © Васильцова Н.Н., Панова А.С., Петров В.Н., Даниленко А.В., Шадринова К.Н., Святченко С.В., Иванова К.И., Онхонова Г.С., Гончарова Н.И., Марченко В.Ю., 20252025Васильцова Н.Н., Панова А.С., Петров В.Н., Даниленко А.В., Шадринова К.Н., Святченко С.В., Иванова К.И., Онхонова Г.С., Гончарова Н.И., Марченко В.Ю.Vasiltsova N.N., Panova A.S., Petrov V.N., Danilenko A.V., Shadrinova K.N., Svyatchenko S.V., Ivanova K.I., Onkhonova G.S., Goncharova N.I., Marchenko V.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2111

Цель работы – анализ циркуляции наиболее важных в эпидемиологическом значении вариантов вируса гриппа птиц в мире и России за 2024 г. Ситуация по высокопатогенному гриппу птиц в мире в 2024 г. оставалась напряженной. Инфекция затронула 68 стран, в результате чего погибли или были уничтожены порядка 19 млн голов сельскохозяйственной птицы. Кроме того, зафиксировано большое количество случаев выявления вируса гриппа А(H5N1) среди диких и домашних млекопитающих, преимущественно на территории США. К их числу относятся вспышки на молочных фермах, в течение всего года поражавшие стада и охватившие к концу года более 900 молочных хозяйств на территории 16 штатов, а также ставшие причиной инфицирования 40 работников ферм в четырех штатах. Вирусы А(H5N1), выявленные у работников ферм, содержали мутации адаптации к млекопитающим. Всего в 2024 г. зарегистрировано более 100 случаев инфицирования людей зоонозными вариантами вируса гриппа, при этом в 81 случае выявлен вирус гриппа A(H5N1). Помимо вспышек A(H5N1), в мире отмечена циркуляция и других вариантов вируса гриппа, таких как A(H5N6), A(H5N8), A(H5N5), A(H5N2). Кроме того, в ряде стран регистрировались вспышки среди домашней птицы, вызванные различными подтипами вируса гриппа A(H7). В России ситуация по высокопатогенному вирусу гриппа в 2024 г. была менее напряженной. Все выявленные вирусы гриппа А(H5N1) относились к кладе 2.3.4.4b и генетически схожи с вакцинными штаммами, рекомендованными ВОЗ. Исследованные вирусы антигенно схожи с референсным штаммом A/goose/Tyumen/359- 13/2021(H5N1), идентичным по последовательности НА1 вакцинному штамму A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 (H5N8). Кроме того, в 2024 г. выделен вирус гриппа подтипа A(H9N2). Результаты исследования данного штамма показали, что выявленный вирус относится к генетической кладе Y439 и не содержит мутаций, связанных с повышенной патогенностью и устойчивостью к лекарственным препаратам.

The aim of the work was to analyze the circulation of the most epidemiologically significant variants of the avian influenza virus in the world and across Russia in 2024. The global situation on highly pathogenic avian influenza remained tense in 2024. The disease affected 68 countries, resulting in the death or culling of about 19 million poultry. In addition, there was a large number of influenza A(H5N1) virus detections in wild and domestic mammals, predominantly in the United States. Those included outbreaks on dairy farms that affected herds throughout the year, encompassing more than 900 dairy farms in 16 states by the year’s end and causing infection of 40 farm workers in four states. The A(H5N1) viruses detected in farm workers contained mammalian adaptation mutations. In total, more than 100 human infections with zoonotic variants of influenza virus were reported in 2024, with influenza A(H5N1) virus detected in 81 cases. Apart from outbreaks of A(H5N1), other influenza virus variants, such as A(H5N6), A(H5N8), A(H5N5), A(H5N2), were circulating worldwide. Outbreaks among poultry caused by different subtypes of influenza A(H7) virus were also reported in a number of countries. In Russia, the situation on highly pathogenic influenza virus in 2024 was less tense. All detected influenza A(H5N1) viruses belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and were genetically similar to the vaccine strains recommended by WHO. Isolated strains were antigenically similar to a reference strain A/goose/Tyumen/359- 13/2021(H5N1), which had HA1 sequence identical to the vaccine strain A/Astrakhan/3212/2020(H5N8). In addition, an influenza A(H9N2) virus was isolated in 2024. The study of this strain showed that it belongs to the clade Y439 and does not contain mutations associated with increased pathogenicity and drug resistance.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.