microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2025-1-35-47microbe-2114Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSАнализ особенностей эпидемиологической ситуации по холере в 2024 г. в мире, в Российской Федерации и прогноз ее развития на 2025 г.Analysis of Peculiarities of Epidemiological Situation on Cholera in the World and in the Russian Federation in 2024 and Forecast of its Development in 2025https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-2778КругликовВ. Д.KruglikovV. D.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-3628ГаевскаяН. Е.GaevskayaN. E.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9216-7777МонаховаЕ. В.MonakhovaE. V.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5020-1466МосквитинаЭ. А.MoskvitinaE. A.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5331-4255АгафоноваВ. В.AgafonovaV. V.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6825-1135СавинаИ. В.SavinaI. V.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-4189ПодойницынаО. А.PodoynitsynaO. A.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0008-4705СелянскаяН. А.SelyanskayaN. A.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-3231ВодопьяновА. С.Vodop’yanovA. S.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-1620ДувановаО. В.DuvanovaO. V.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-4283МеньшиковаЕ. А.Men’shikovaE. A.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4254-3313ЕжоваМ. И.EzhovaM. I.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-2789ШипкоЕ. С.ShipkoE. S.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0087-9153ЕвтеевА. В.EvteevA. V.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0942-8918КазьминаВ. С.Kaz’minaV. S.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5271-444XБодраяП. В.BodrayaP. V.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4864-9576СокиркинаЕ. Н.SokirkinaE. N.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

ФКУЗ «Ростовский-на-Дону научно-исследовательский противочумный институт»РоссияRostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague InstituteRussian Federation202504042025013547Copyright © Кругликов В.Д., Гаевская Н.Е., Монахова Е.В., Москвитина Э.А., Агафонова В.В., Савина И.В., Подойницына О.А., Селянская Н.А., Водопьянов А.С., Дуванова О.В., Меньшикова Е.А., Ежова М.И., Шипко Е.С., Евтеев А.В., Казьмина В.С., Бодрая П.В., Сокиркина Е.Н., 20252025Кругликов В.Д., Гаевская Н.Е., Монахова Е.В., Москвитина Э.А., Агафонова В.В., Савина И.В., Подойницына О.А., Селянская Н.А., Водопьянов А.С., Дуванова О.В., Меньшикова Е.А., Ежова М.И., Шипко Е.С., Евтеев А.В., Казьмина В.С., Бодрая П.В., Сокиркина Е.Н.Kruglikov V.D., Gaevskaya N.E., Monakhova E.V., Moskvitina E.A., Agafonova V.V., Savina I.V., Podoynitsyna O.A., Selyanskaya N.A., Vodop’yanov A.S., Duvanova O.V., Men’shikova E.A., Ezhova M.I., Shipko E.S., Evteev A.V., Kaz’mina V.S., Bodraya P.V., Sokirkina E.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2114

Цель работы – анализ особенностей эпидемиологической ситуации по холере в мире и России в 2024 г.; прогноз на 2025 г. Результаты проактивного эпидемиологического надзора показали сохранение тенденции роста по линии тренда заболеваемости холерой в мире, несмотря на снижение этого показателя в 2024 г. (762 830 случаев заболеваний в 44 странах) по сравнению с 2023 г. (816 235 в 47 странах). Особенностью явился завоз из Танзании на о. Майотта полиантибиотикорезистентного штамма Vibrio cholerae О1 El Tor. Отмечена активность трудовой миграции в РФ из стран, неблагополучных по холере (11 686 иностранцев; 88,17 % – из Индии). Больные холерой (вибриононосители) в РФ не выявлены. Установлены особенности эпидситуации: в поверхностных водоемах выявлены два токсигенных штамма V. cholerae О1, подобных изолированному в 2023 г., и один токсигенный штамм НАГ, впервые зарегистрированный в РФ. Установлена принадлежность нетоксигенного штамма V. cholerae О1, вызвавшего случай острой кишечной инфекции (ОКИ), и водных штаммов О1, циркулирующих в России, к одному клону. Впервые от больного ОКИ изолирован нетоксигенный штамм V. cholerae О139. Отмечено увеличение числа нетоксигенных штаммов О1, выделенных из водных объектов (335 – в 2024 г., 52 – в 2023 г.), в основном за счет клонального комплекса (250 штаммов, Краснодарский край), распространенного посредством карстовых вод. Выявлены ОКИ, вызванные нетоксигенными НАГ-вибрионами, V. parahaemolyticus и V. fluvialis. Прогноз на 2025 г. включает: риски завоза холеры, в том числе вызванной антибиотикоустойчивыми штаммами; рост трудовой миграции из неблагополучных по холере стран; вероятность обнаружения в ООС токсигенных штаммов О1 и nonO1/nonO139; рост числа ОКИ, вызванных нетоксигенными холерными и другими патогенными вибрионами; возможно выявление внекишечных инфекций, увеличение в ООС числа нетоксигенных V. cholerae О1. Целесообразно более раннее начало (апрель) и позднее (октябрь) окончание мониторинговых исследований в РФ в 2025 г. на территориях I типа по эпидемическим проявлениям холеры.

The aim of the work was to analyze the peculiarities of the cholera epidemiological situation in the world and in Russia in 2024; forecast for 2025. The results of proactive epidemiological surveillance showed a continued upward trend in cholera morbidity in the world despite of the decrease in this indicator in 2024 (762 830 cases in 42 countries) as compared to 2023 (816 235 in 47 countries). A special feature was the import of a polyantibiotic-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strain from Tanzania to Island Mayotte. Active labor migration to the Russian Federation (RF) from countries with unfavorable cholera situation was noted (11 686 foreigners, 88.17 % – from India). No cholera patients (vibrio carriers) were identified in RF. The features of epidemiological situation have been established: two toxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains similar to the one isolated in 2023, and one toxigenic strain of NAG, documented in RF for the first time, were detected in surface water bodies. It has been determined that the non-toxigenic V. cholerae O1 strain, which caused a case of acute intestinal infection, and waterborne O1 strains circulating in Russia belong to the same clone. For the first time, the non-toxigenic V. cholerae O139 strain was isolated from a patient with acute intestinal infection. An increase in the number of non-toxigenic O1 strains isolated from water bodies was noted (335 in 2024, 52 in 2023), mainly due to the clonal complex (250 strains, Krasnodar Territory) spread through karst waters. Diseases caused by non-toxigenic NAG vibrios V. parahaemolyticus and V. fluvialis, were detected. The forecast for 2025 covers the risks of cholera importation, including cases caused by antibiotic-resistant strains; increase in labor migration from countries with an unfavorable cholera situation; the likelihood of detecting toxigenic O1 and nonO1/nonO139 strains in the environment, an increase in the number of acute intestinal infections caused by non-toxigenic cholera and other pathogenic vibrios; possible detection of extra-intestinal infections, an increase in the number of non-toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in environmental objects. It is advisable to start monitoring studies earlier (April) and finish them later (October) in RF in 2025 in type I territories classed according to epidemic manifestations of cholera.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.