<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2025-2-47-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2164</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор ситуации по сибирской язве в 2024 г. в мире, прогноз на 2025 г. в Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Review of the Situation on Anthrax in 2024 in the World, the Forecast for 2025 in the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-784X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рязанова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryazanova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anthraxlab.stv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-6585</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасименко</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimenko</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6475-4512</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головинская</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovinskaya</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скударева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skudareva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127994, Москва, пер. Вадковский, 18, стр. 5 и 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 5 and 7, 18, Vadkovsky Lane, Moscow, 127994</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-1677</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логвин</surname><given-names>Ф. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Logvin</surname><given-names>F. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>29, Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atlz3@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-898X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7744-3112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксенова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenova</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-1185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еременко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremenko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7033-9972</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печковский</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechkovsky</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3479-9434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олейникова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleynikova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4544-7860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-3949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куличенко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulichenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФКУЗ «Ставропольский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumers Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рязанова А.Г., Герасименко Д.К., Головинская Т.М., Скударева О.Н., Логвин Ф.В., Семенова О.В., Аксенова Л.Ю., Еременко Е.И., Печковский Г.А., Олейникова К.А., Никитина А.В., Куличенко А.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рязанова А.Г., Герасименко Д.К., Головинская Т.М., Скударева О.Н., Логвин Ф.В., Семенова О.В., Аксенова Л.Ю., Еременко Е.И., Печковский Г.А., Олейникова К.А., Никитина А.В., Куличенко А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryazanova A.G., Gerasimenko D.K., Golovinskaya T.M., Skudareva O.N., Logvin F.V., Semenova O.V., Aksenova L.Y., Eremenko E.I., Pechkovsky G.A., Oleynikova K.A., Nikitina A.V., Kulichenko A.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2164">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2164</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведен обзор эпизоотолого-эпидемиологической ситуации по сибирской язве в мире в 2024 г., представлены динамика заболеваемости сибирской язвой в период 2015–2024 гг. и прогноз заболеваемости на 2025 г. в Российской Федерации. В 2024 г. в России выявлена одна вспышка сибирской язвы в субъекте Центрального федерального округа с заболеванием двух сельскохозяйственных животных и трех человек. По сравнению с 2023 г., когда было зарегистрировано семь вспышек в пяти субъектах, в 2024 г. в России отмечено снижение числа случаев заболевания на 12 среди сельскохозяйственных животных и на 16 среди людей. Сибирская язва проявлялась в четырех государствах ближнего зарубежья, с наиболее неблагополучной обстановкой, сложившейся в Казахстане и Кыргызстане. Очаги инфекции среди сельскохозяйственных и диких животных фиксировались на всех континентах, с наибольшим числом заболевших в Африке и Азии. Случаи сибирской язвы у людей учтены в ряде стран Африки, Азии, Северной и Южной Америки и Европы и обусловлены контактом с больными сельскохозяйственными животными в процессе их вынужденного убоя, разделки туш и мяса, употреблением в пищу мяса больных и павших животных. Также в одной из стран Азии (Пакистан) реализован акт биотерроризма с рассылкой писем, содержащих споры сибирской язвы, который не привел к заражению людей. Уровень заболеваемости сибирской язвой животных и людей в 2025 г. в Российской Федерации будет зависеть от масштабности мероприятий по учету и вакцинации животных, полноты включения в планы иммунизации лиц из групп риска и реализации планов профилактических прививок. При строгой реализации противосибиреязвенных мониторинговых и надзорных мер заболевание сибирской язвой на территории России не превысит единичных случаев.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Epizootiological and epidemiological situation on anthrax in the world in 2024 has been reviewed, dynamics of anthrax incidence in the period of 2015–2024 and the forecast of anthrax incidence in 2025 in the Russian Federation are presented. In 2024, one outbreak of anthrax was detected in Russia, in a constituent entity of the Central Federal District, with the disease affecting two farm animals and three people. Compared to 2023, when seven outbreaks were registered in five regions, in 2024 Russia saw a decrease in the number of infection cases by 12 – among farm animals and 16 – among people. Anthrax manifested in four neighboring countries, with the most unfavorable situation occurring in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Outbreaks of infection among farm and wild animals were recorded on all continents, with the largest number of cases in Africa and Asia. Cases of anthrax in humans have been identified in a number of countries in Africa, Asia, North and South America and Europe and were caused by contact with sick farm animals during forced slaughter, butchering of carcasses and meat, and eating meat from sick and dead animals. Also, in one of the Asian countries (Pakistan), a bioterrorism act was implemented through distributing letters containing anthrax spores, which did not lead to human infection. The incidence of anthrax in animals and humans in 2025 in the Russian Federation will depend on the scale of animal registration and vaccination measures, the completeness of inclusion of population at risk in immunization scheme and implementation of preventive vaccination plans. With strict adherence to anti-anthrax monitoring and surveillance measures, the incidence of anthrax in Russia will not exceed the level of isolated cases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Bacillus anthracis</kwd><kwd>сибирская язва</kwd><kwd>вспышка</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bacillus anthracis</kwd><kwd>anthrax</kwd><kwd>outbreak</kwd><kwd>morbidity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE/ WAHIS). [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://wahis.woah.org/#/event-management (дата обращения 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax. World Organization for Animal Health (OIE/ WAHIS). (Cited 15 Jan 2025). [Internet]. Available from: https://wahis.woah.org/#/event-management.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оперативные сообщения Информационно-аналитического центра Управления ветнадзора об эпизоотической ситуации в Российской Федерации и в мире на основании данных Всемирной организации здравоохранения животных (OIE/МЭБ) и средств массовой информации. Официальный сайт Россельхознадзора. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://fsvps.gov.ru/jepizooticheskaja-situacija/iac/ (дата обращения 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Operational reports of the Information and Analytical Center of the Veterinary Surveillance Department on the epizootic situation in the Russian Federation and in the world based on data from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE/WAHIS) and the mass media. Official Web-Site of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance]. (Cited 15 Jan 2025). [Internet]. Available from: https://fsvps.gov.ru/jepizooticheskaja-situacija/iac/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax. International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID) / Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED). [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail.org (дата обращения 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax. International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID) / Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED). (Cited 15 Jan 2025). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zimbabwe – Anthrax – Immediate notification. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE/WAHIS). [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/5909?reportId=169458&amp;fromPage=event-dashboard-url (дата обращения 21.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zimbabwe – Anthrax – Immediate notification. World Organization for Animal Health (OIE/WAHIS). (Cited 21 Jan 2025). [Internet]. Available from: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/5909?reportId=169458&amp;fromPage=event-dashboard-url.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax – USA (03): (WY) cattle, moose. 05 Sep 2024. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail.org. Archive Number: 20240831.8718480 (дата обращения 08.09.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax – USA (03): (WY) cattle, moose. Archive Number: 20240831.8718480. (Cited 08 Sep 2024). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Информационно-аналитический центр. Эпизоотическая ситуация в странах мира. № 289. Официальный сайт Россельхознадзора. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://fsvps.gov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/289_ASF_Bl_HPAI_SPGP_18-12-2024_ALERT_289.pdf (дата обращения 17.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Operational reports of the Information and Analytical Center of the Veterinary Surveillance Department on the epizootic situation in the Russian Federation and in the world based on data from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE/WAHIS) and the mass media No. 289. Official Web-Site of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance]. (Cited 17 Jan 2025). [Internet]. Available from: https://fsvps.gov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/289_ASF_Bl_HPAI_SPGP_18-12-2024_ALERT_289.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Информационно-аналитический центр. Эпизоотическая ситуация в странах мира. № 231. Официальный сайт Россельхознадзора. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://fsvps.gov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/231_Bl_FMD_HPAI_LSD_R_SPGP_11-10-2024_ALERT_231.pdf (дата обращения 21.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Operational reports of the Information and Analytical Center of the Veterinary Surveillance Department on the epizootic situation in the Russian Federation and in the world based on data from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE/WAHIS) and the mass media No. 231. Official Web-Site of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance]. (Cited 21 Jan 2025). [Internet]. Available from: https://fsvps.gov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/231_Bl_FMD_HPAI_LSD_R_SPGP_11-10-2024_ALERT_231.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax. World Health Organization (WHO). Regional Office for Africa. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/380374/OEW5-2702012025.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y (дата обращения 05.02.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax. World Health Organization (WHO). Regional Office for Africa. (Cited 05 Feb 2025). [Internet]. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/380374/OEW5-2702012025.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax – Ethiopia: (TI) human, fatal, cattle meat, RFI. 21 Jun 2024. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail.org. Archive Number: 20240621.8717149 (дата обращения 23.06.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax – Ethiopia: (TI) human, fatal, cattle meat, RFI. 21 Jun 2024. Archive Number: 20240621.8717149. (Cited 23 Jun 2024). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax – Bangladesh: (RS) cattle, goat, human. 09 Nov 2024. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail.org. Archive Number: 20241109.8719904 (дата обращения 11.11.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax – Bangladesh: (RS) cattle, goat, human. 09 Nov 2024. Archive Number: 20241109.8719904. (Cited 11 Nov 2024). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax – China (05): (SD) cattle, human contacts, cutaneous. 03 Aug 2024. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail.org. Archive Number: 20240803.8717927 (дата обращения 03.08.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax – China (05): (SD) cattle, human contacts, cutaneous. 03 Aug 2024. Archive Number: 20240803.8717927. (Cited 03 Aug 2024). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax – Mongolia: (UV). 14 Nov 2024. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail.org. Archive Number: 20241114.8720015 (дата обращения 14.11.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax – Mongolia: (UV). 14 Nov 2024. Archive Number: 20241114.8720015. (Cited 14 Nov 2024). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax – Pakistan: letters, arsenic, RFI. 09 Apr 2024. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail.org. Archive Number: 20240409.8715846 (дата обращения 10.04.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax – Pakistan: letters, arsenic, RFI. 09 Apr 2024. Archive Number: 20240409.8715846. (Cited 10 Apr 2024). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax – Haiti (01): (OU) human, infected beef, RFI. 21 Jul 2024. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail.org. Archive Number: 20240721.8717682 (дата обращения 22.07.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax – Haiti (01): (OU) human, infected beef, RFI. 21 Jul 2024. Archive Number: 20240721.8717682. (Cited 22 Jul 2024). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax – USA (02): (TX) sheep, human. 07 Jun 2024. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail.org. Archive Number: 20240607.8716893 (дата обращения 08.06.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax – USA (02): (TX) sheep, human. 07 Jun 2024. Archive Number: 20240607.8716893. (Cited 08 Jun 2024). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax – Albania (02): (GK) livestock, cattle, horse. 12 Aug 2024. [Электронный ресурс]URL: http://promedmail.org. Archive Number: 20240812.8718085 (дата обращения 13.08.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax – Albania (02): (GK) livestock, cattle, horse. 12 Aug 2024. Archive Number: 20240812.8718085. (Cited 13 Aug 2024). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthrax – Kazakhstan (01): (AA, QS) human, cattle. 07 Sep 2024. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail. org. Archive Number: 20240907.8718582 (дата обращения 08.09.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthrax – Kazakhstan (01): (AA, QS) human, cattle. 07 Sep 2024. Archive Number: 20240907.8718582. (Cited 08 Sep 2024). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сибирская язва (крупный рогатый скот, человек, подозрение) – Казахстан (Атырау (2)). 22 ноября 2024 г. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail.org/ru. Archive Number: 20241122.8720201 (дата обращения 24.11.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Anthrax (cattle, humans, suspected) – Kazakhstan (Atyrau (2)). 22 Nov 2024]. Archive Number: 20241122.8720201. (Cited 24 Nov 2024). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org/ru.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сибирская язва (КРС) – Казахстан. 06 августа 2024 г. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail.org/ru. Archive Number: 20240806.8717996 (дата обращения 09.08.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Anthrax (cattle) – Kazakhstan. 06 Aug 2024. (Cited 09 Aug 2024)]. Archive Number: 20240806.8717996. [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org/ru.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рязанова А.Г., Скударева О.Н., Герасименко Д.К., Логвин Ф.В., Чмеренко Д.К., Семенова О.В., Аксенова Л.Ю., Еременко Е.И., Буравцева Н.П., Головинская Т.М., Печковский Г.А., Куличенко А.Н. Эпидемиологическая и эпизоотологическая обстановка по сибирской язве в мире в 2021 г., прогноз на 2022 г. в Российской Федерации. Проблемы особо опасных инфекций. 2022; (1):64–70. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2022-1-64-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryazanova A.G., Skudareva O.N., Gerasimenko D.K., Logvin F.V., Chmerenko D.K., Semenova O.V., Aksenova L.Yu., Eremenko Е.I., Buravtseva N.P., Golovinskaya T.M., Pechkovsky G.А., Kulichenko A.N. [Epidemiological and epizootiological situation on anthrax around the world in 2021, the forecast for 2022 in the Russian Federation]. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii [Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections]. 2022; (1):64–70. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2022-1-64-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kyrgyzstan – Anthrax – Immediate notification. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE/WAHIS). [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/5680?reportId=167434&amp;fromPage=event-dashboard-url (дата обращения 19.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kyrgyzstan – Anthrax – Immediate notification. World Organization for Animal Health (OIE/WAHIS). (Cited 19 Jan 2025). [Internet]. Available from: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/5680?reportId=167434&amp;fromPage=event-dashboard-url.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Обзор инфекционной и паразитарной заболеваемости в разрезе областей и городов Кыргызской Республики. Официальный сайт Департамента профилактики заболеваний и госсанэпиднадзора Министерства здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://dgsen.kg/ (дата обращения 20.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Review of infectious and parasitic disease morbidity in the context of regions and cities of the Kyrgyz Republic. Official WebSite of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic]. (Cited 20 Jan 2025). [Internet]. Available from: http://dgsen.kg/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сибирская язва – Кыргызстан (Джалал-Абадская область) (2). 16 мая 2024 г. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://promedmail.org/ru. Archive Number: 20240516.8716547 (дата обращения 18.05.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Anthrax – Kyrgyzstan (Jalal-Abad) (2)]. 16 May 2024. (Cited 18 May 2024). [Internet]. Available from: http://promedmail.org/ru. Archive Number: 20240516.8716547.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Информационно-аналитический центр. Эпизоотическая ситуация в странах мира. № 151. Официальный сайт Россельхознадзора. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://fsvps.gov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/151_HPAI_ASF_Rb_09-07-2024_ALERT_151.pdf (дата обращения 20.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Operational reports of the Information and Analytical Center of the Veterinary Surveillance Department on the epizootic situation in the Russian Federation and in the world based on data from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE/WAHIS) and the mass media No. 151. Official Web-Site of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance]. (Cited 20 Jan 2025). [Internet]. Available from: https://fsvps.gov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/151_HPAI_ASF_Rb_09-07-2024_ALERT_151.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azerbaijan – Anthrax – Immediate notification. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE/WAHIS). [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/5704?reportId=167724&amp;fromPage=event-dashboard-url (дата обращения 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azerbaijan – Anthrax – Immediate notification. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE/WAHIS). (Cited 15 Jan 2025). [Internet]. Available from: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/5704?reportId=167724&amp;fromPage=event-dashboard-url.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azerbaijan – Anthrax – Immediate notification. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE/WAHIS). [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/5886?reportId=169320&amp;fromPage=event-dashboard-url (дата обращения 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azerbaijan – Anthrax – Immediate notification. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE/WAHIS). (Cited 15 Jan 2025). [Internet]. Available from: https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/5886?reportId=169320&amp;fromPage=event-dashboard-url.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рязанова А.Г., Герасименко Д.К., Олейникова К.А., Никитина А.В., Мезенцев В.М., Семенова О.В., Печковский Г.А., Семенко О.В., Головинская Т.М., Еременко Е.И., Аксенова Л.Ю., Куличенко А.Н., Чеканова Т.А., Локтионова М.Н., Петремгвдлишвили К., Ладный В.И., Левина К.Ю., Акимкин В.Г., Дугаржапова З.Ф., Кравец Е.В., Васильев В.В., Ивачева М.А., Балахонов С.В., Логвин Ф.В. База данных «Стационарно неблагополучные по сибирской язве пункты в Российской Федерации». Свидетельство о государственной регистрации базы данных № 2024623389 от 01.08.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryazanova A.G., Gerasimenko D.K., Oleynikova K.A., Nikitina A.V., Mezentsev V.M., Semenova O.V., Pechkovsky G.A., Semenko O.V., Golovinskaya T.M., Eremenko E.I., Aksenova L.Yu., Kulichenko A.N., Chekanova T.A., Loktionova M.N., Petremgvdlishvili K., Ladny V.I., Levina K.Yu., Akimkin V.G., Dugarzhapova Z.F., Kravets E.V., Vasiliev V.V., Ivacheva M.A., Balakhonov S.V., Logvin F.V. [Database “Anthrax stationary hazardous areas in the Russian Federation”]. Certificate of state registration of the database No. 2024623389 dated 01 Aug 2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куличенко А.Н., Рязанова А.Г., Логвин Ф.В., Еременко Е.И., Аксенова Л.Ю., Писаренко С.В., Семенова О.В., Герасименко Д.К., Ковалев Д.А., Головинская Т.М., Бобрышева О.В., Печковский Г.А., Олейникова К.А., Никитина А.В. Сибирская язва в Российской Федерации в 2023 году, или «старая сказка о главном». Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2024; 101(4):448–61. DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-525.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulichenko A.N., Ryazanova A.G., Logvin F.V., Eremenko E.I., Aksenova L.Yu., Pisarenko S.V., Semenova O.V., Gerasimenko D.K., Kovalev D.A., Golovinskaya T.M., Bobrysheva O.V., Pechkovskii G.A., Oleynikova K.A., Nikitina A.V. [Anthrax in the Russian Federation in 2023 or in other words, “the same old story”]. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii [Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology]. 2024; 101(4):448–61. DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-525.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рязанова А.Г., Скударева О.Н., Герасименко Д.К., Семенова О.В., Аксенова Л.Ю., Еременко Е.И., Буравцева Н.П., Головинская Т.М., Варфоломеева Н.Г., Печковский Г.А., Чмеренко Д.К., Куличенко А.Н. Анализ ситуации по сибирской язве в 2019 г., прогноз на 2020 г. Проблемы особо опасных инфекций. 2020; (2):57–61. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2020-2-57-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryazanova A.G., Skudareva O.N., Gerasimenko D.K., Semenova O.V., Aksenova L.Yu., Eremenko E.I., Buravtseva N.P., Golovinskaya T.M., Varfolomeeva N.G., Pechkovsky G.A., Chmerenko D.K., Kulichenko A.N. [Analysis of the situation on anthrax in 2019, the forecast for 2020]. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii [Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections]. 2020; (2):57–61. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2020-2-57-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рязанова А.Г., Ежлова Е.Б., Пакскина Н.Д., Семенова О.В., Аксенова Л.Ю., Еременко Е.И., Буравцева Н.П., Головинская Т.М., Варфоломеева Н.Г., Чмеренко Д.К., Печковский Г.А., Куличенко А.Н. Ситуация по сибирской язве в 2018 г., прогноз на 2019 г. Проблемы особо опасных инфекций. 2019; (1):98–102. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2019-1-98-102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryazanova A.G., Ezhlova E.B., Pakskina N.D., Semenova O.V., Aksenova L.Yu., Eremenko E.I., Buravtseva N.P., Golovinskaya T.M., Varfolomeeva N.G., Chmerenko D.K., Pechkovsky G.A., Kulichenko A.N. [Epidemiological situation on anthrax in 2018, the forecast for 2019]. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii [Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections]. 2019; (1):98–102. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2019-1-98-102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рязанова А.Г., Скударева О.Н., Герасименко Д.К., Головинская Т.М., Логвин Ф.В., Аксенова Л.Ю., Семенова О.В., Еременко Е.И., Печковский Г.А., Олейникова К.А., Никитина А.В., Куличенко А.Н. Анализ эпизоотолого-эпидемиологической обстановки по сибирской язве в 2023 г. в мире, прогноз на 2024 г. в Российской Федерации. Проблемы особо опасных инфекций. 2024; (3):35–41. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2024-3-35-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryazanova A.G., Skudareva O.N., Gerasimenko D.K., Golovinskaya T.M., Logvin F.V., Aksenova L.Yu., Semenova O.V., Eremenko E.I., Pechkovsky G.A., Oleynikova K.A., Nikitina A.V., Kulichenko A.N. [Analysis of the epizootiological and epidemiological situation on anthrax in the world in 2023, the forecast for 2024 in the Russian Federation]. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii [Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections]. 2024; (3):35–41. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2024-3-35-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
