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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2025-2-56-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2165</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О модели пандемии болезни Х, требующей приоритетного подхода при обеспечении биологической безопасности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regarding the Model of a Disease X Pandemic Requiring a Higher Priority in Ensuring Biological Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9512-7415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топорков</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toporkov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0022-9521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гражданов</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grazhdanov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-8544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куклев</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuklev</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7548-4845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бугоркова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bugorkova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-7188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матросов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matrosov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУН «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Топорков В.П., Гражданов А.К., Куклев В.Е., Бугоркова С.А., Матросов А.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Топорков В.П., Гражданов А.К., Куклев В.Е., Бугоркова С.А., Матросов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Toporkov V.P., Grazhdanov A.K., Kuklev V.E., Bugorkova S.A., Matrosov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2165">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2165</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – создание на примере COVID-19 и гриппа аналитической модели тестовой пандемии болезни Х, требующей приоритетного подхода при обеспечении биологической безопасности. Созданная модель пандемии состоит из двух частей: самого явления пандемии на примере COVID-19 и постпандемического периода на примере гриппа «испанка». Определены с помощью эпидемиологического метода, закона больших чисел (ЗБЧ в теории вероятностей), глобального применения цифровых и геномных технологий формализованная структура, признаки, параметры, свойства и негативные последствия пандемии COVID-19 как явления с экстраординарным масштабом эпидемического распространения, социально-экономических и других дезорганизующих общество критических последствий, сопоставимых с угрозами национальной и международной безопасности, готовность к которым является функцией обеспечения биологической безопасности в широком формате. При углубленном изучении пандемии COVID-19 установлено значение ключевого критерия определенной структурности клиникоэпидемиологического содержания эпидемической фазы пандемии, обусловившей высокие количественные параметры распространения и смертности. Установлен 10-кратный диапазон изменения ключевого критерия как в сторону повышения, так и снижения, несовместимый с возникновением и существованием пандемии как явления. Доказательством действенности, эффективности, научной и практической значимости созданной на основе COVID-19 модели пандемии болезни Х является реализация в полной мере в 2024 г. разработанного нами эпидемиологического прогноза продолжительности пандемии COVID-19 по всем его элементам и параметрам. Имитация постпандемического периода болезни Х представлена данными о циркуляции на протяжении более 100 лет вируса гриппа подтипа H1N1, сезонными вспышками и эпидемиями с 1920 до 1957 г., четырьмя умеренными относительно «испанки» пандемиями после 1957 г., получением особо патогенных потенциально эпидемических вариантов вируса гриппа. В целом модель предлагается использовать для мониторинга и оценки готовности к будущим пандемиям формата биологических катастроф при формировании государственной политики в области биологической безопасности, а также для предупреждения возникновения чрезвычайных ситуаций в рамках реализации Международных медико-санитарных правил (2005 г.).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work was to create an analytical model of a test disease X pandemic that requires a priority approach to ensuring biological safety, using COVID-19 and influenza as an example. The created pandemic model consists of 2 elements: the pandemic phenomenon itself using COVID-19 as a case study and the post-pandemic period using the Spanish flu as an example. The formalized structure, signs, parameters, properties and negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic as a phenomenon with an extraordinary scale of epidemic spread, socio-economic and other critical consequences that disorganize society, comparable with threats to national and international security, the readiness for which is a part of ensuring biological safety in a broad format, have been determined using the epidemiological method, the law of large numbers (LLN in probability theory), and the global application of digital and genomic technologies. An in-depth study of the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the value of a certain structure of the clinical and epidemiological content of the epidemic phase of the pandemic, which determined the high quantitative parameters of spread and mortality. A 10-fold range of change in the key criterion, both upward and downward, has been established, which is incompatible with the emergence and existence of a pandemic as a phenomenon. The proof of the effectiveness, efficiency, scientific and practical significance of the COVID-19-based disease X pandemic model is the full implementation of the epidemiological forecast of COVID-19 pandemic duration in 2024 that we have developed for all its elements and parameters. The imitation of the post-pandemic period of disease X is represented by data on the circulation of the H1N1 influenza virus for more than 100 years, seasonal outbreaks and epidemics between 1920 and 1957, four moderate pandemics relative to the “Spanish flu” after 1957, and the production of particularly pathogenic potentially epidemic variants of the influenza virus. In general, the model is proposed to be used to monitor and assess preparedness for future pandemics in the format of biological disasters when forming state policy in the field of biological safety, as well as to prevent the occurrence of emergencies within the framework of the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пандемия COVID-19</kwd><kwd>пандемия гриппа «испанка» и постпандемический период</kwd><kwd>аналитическая модель тестовой пандемии болезни Х</kwd><kwd>биологическая безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19 pandemic</kwd><kwd>Spanish flu pandemic and post-pandemic period</kwd><kwd>analytical model of a test disease X pandemic</kwd><kwd>biological safety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Выступление Генерального директора ВОЗ на Всемирном правительственном саммите – 12 февраля 2024 г. 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