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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2025-2-167-175</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2179</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение устойчивости нетоксигенных штаммов Vibrio cholerae О1 биовара Эль Тор, с разной структурой антифаговых систем, к литическому действию холерного диагностического бактериофага эльтор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of Resistance to Lytic Effect of Diagnostic Cholera Bacteriophage El Tor in Non-Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Biovar El Tor Strains with Different Structure of Anti-Phage Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7525-9682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергутин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergutin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-7018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плеханов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plekhanov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-3765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Челдышова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheldyshova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-0022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7163-206X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелканова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelkanova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7190-4427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-2394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснов</surname><given-names>Я. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnov</surname><given-names>Ya. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-0562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заднова</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zadnova</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУН «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>167</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сергутин Д.А., Плеханов Н.А., Челдышова Н.Б., Осин А.В., Щелканова Е.Ю., Федоров А.В., Краснов Я.М., Заднова С.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сергутин Д.А., Плеханов Н.А., Челдышова Н.Б., Осин А.В., Щелканова Е.Ю., Федоров А.В., Краснов Я.М., Заднова С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sergutin D.A., Plekhanov N.A., Cheldyshova N.B., Osin A.V., Shchelkanova E.Y., Fedorov A.V., Krasnov Y.M., Zadnova S.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2179">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2179</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – изучить присутствие антифаговых систем в геноме нетоксигенных штаммов Vibrio cholerae О1 биовара Эль Тор и определить устойчивость штаммов с разной структурой данных систем к холерному диагностическому бактериофагу эльтор. Материалы и методы. В работе использовали 126 нетоксигенных (ctxА– tcpА+ и ctxА– tcpА– ) штаммов V. cholerae О1 Эль Тор, выделенных на территории Российской Федерации и сопредельных стран из внешней среды и от больных острыми кишечными инфекциями с 1972 по 2018 г. Секвенирование проводили на платформе MGI DNBSEQ-G50. Для биоинформационного анализа использовали программы fastp v0.23, unicycler v0.4.7, Blast 2.16.0 и MEGA X. Взаимодействие холерного диагностического бактериофага эльтор с поверхностью бактерий исследовали методом атомно-силовой микроскопии. Результаты и обсуждение. В геноме изученных штаммов не выявлены фагоиндуцируемые острова PLE и BREX-системы. В то же время 75 % ctxА– tcpА+ штаммов содержат гены рестрикции-модификации I типа, у ctxА– tcpА– штаммов данные гены не обнаружены. Гены CBASS-системы присутствуют у единичных штаммов обеих групп. Установлено наличие системы CRISPR-Cas I типа в геноме 36 (33 %) ctxА– tcpА– штаммов, выделенных в разных регионах нашей страны. При этом 78 % штаммов, содержащих данную систему, резистентны к холерному диагностическому бактериофагу эльтор. Таким образом, установлена гетерогенность изученных нетоксигенных штаммов V. cholerae О1 Эль Тор по наличию антифаговых систем, что расширяет сведения об их генетической организации. Нетоксигенные ctxAB– tcpA– штаммы V. cholerae О1 Эль Тор более устойчивы к литическому действию холерного диагностического бактериофага эльтор, чем ctxAB– tcpA+. Одной из причин их резистентности может быть присутствие системы CRISPR-Cas I типа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work was to study the presence of anti-phage systems in the genome of non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor strains and to determine the resistance of strains with different structures of these systems to the cholera diagnostic bacteriophage El Tor. Materials and methods. The work used 126 non-toxigenic (ctxA– tcpA+ and ctxA– tcpA– ) strains of V. cholerae O1 El Tor, isolated from the external environment and from patients with acute intestinal infections in the territory of the Russian Federation and neighboring countries between 1972 and 2018. Sequencing was performed on the MGI DNBSEQ-G50 platform. The following programs were used for bioinformatics analysis: fastp v0.23, unicycler v0.4.7, Blast 2.16.0 and MEGA X. The interaction of the cholera diagnostic bacteriophage El Tor with the surface of bacteria was studied using atomic force microscopy. Results and discussion. Phageinduced PLE islands and BREX systems were not detected in the genome of the studied strains. At the same time, 75 % of ctxA– tcpA+ strains contain type I restriction-modification genes, while those genes were not detected in ctxA– tcpA– strains. The CBASS-system genes are present in single strains of both groups. The presence of type I CRISPR-Cas system was established in the genome of 36 (33 %) ctxA– tcpA– strains isolated in different regions of our country. Moreover, 78 % of strains containing this system are resistant to the cholera diagnostic bacteriophage El Tor. Thus, heterogeneity of the studied non-toxigenic strains of V. cholerae O1 El Tor in regard to the presence of anti-phage systems has been established, which expands the knowledge on their genetic organization. Non-toxigenic ctxAB– tcpA– strains of V. cholerae O1 El Tor are more resistant to the lytic action of the diagnostic cholera bacteriophage El Tor than ctxAB– tcpA+ strains. One of the reasons for such resistance may be the presence of the type I CRISPR-Cas system.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Vibrio cholerae</kwd><kwd>нетоксигенные штаммы</kwd><kwd>гены антифаговых систем</kwd><kwd>система CRISPR-Cas I типа</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к бактериофагу эльтор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Vibrio cholerae</kwd><kwd>non-toxigenic strains</kwd><kwd>genes of anti-phage systems</kwd><kwd>type I CRISPR-Cas system</kwd><kwd>resistance to bacteriophage El Tor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhandari M., Jennison A.V., Rathnayake I.U., Huygens F. Evolution, distribution and genetics of atypical Vibrio cholerae – A review. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2021; 89:e104726. DOI: 10.1016/j. meegid.2021.104726.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhandari M., Jennison A.V., Rathnayake I.U., Huygens F. 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