microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2025-3-57-67microbe-2207Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСовременные информационные и молекулярные технологии в практике эпидемиологического надзора за природно-очаговыми инфекциямиModern Information and Molecular Technologies in the Practice of Epidemiological Surveillance of Natural Focal Infectionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-3949КуличенкоА. Н.KulichenkoA. N.

355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15

13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035

stavnipchi@mail.ruЗавгороднийС. С.ZavgorodnyS. S.

353101, Краснодарский край, Выселковский район, ст. Выселки, ул. Северная, 5

5, Severnaya St., Vyselki village, Vyselkovsky District, Krasnodar Territory, 353101

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1428-6044ЧехваловаЕ. В.ChekhvalovaE. V.

354000, Краснодарский край, Сочи, ул. Роз, 27

27, Sochi, Roz St., Krasnodar, 354000

sochi_fguz@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-7844МанинЕ. А.ManinE. A.

355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15

13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035

relax27@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-5882ВолынкинаА. С.VolynkinaA. S.

355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15

13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3817-2513ДубянскийВ. М.DubyanskyV. M.

355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15

13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-1677ЛогвинФ. В.LogvinF. V.

344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29

29, Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-2956ЖуковаЛ. И.ZhukovaL. I.

350063, Краснодар, ул. Митрофана Седина, 4

4, Mitrofan Sedina St., Krasnodar, 350063

ФКУЗ «Ставропольский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт»РоссияStavropol Research Anti-Plague InstituteRussian FederationТерриториальный отдел управления Роспотребнадзора по Краснодарскому краю в Выселковском, Усть-Лабинском, Кореновском, Динском районах, ст. ВыселкиРоссияTerritorial Department of the Rospotrebnadzor Office for the Krasnodar Territory in Vyselkovsky, Ust-Labinsky, Korenovsky, Dinsky districtsRussian FederationСочинский филиал ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Краснодарском крае»РоссияSochi Branch of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Krasnodar TerritoryRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияRostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияKuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202506102025035767Copyright © Куличенко А.Н., Завгородний С.С., Чехвалова Е.В., Манин Е.А., Волынкина А.С., Дубянский В.М., Логвин Ф.В., Жукова Л.И., 20252025Куличенко А.Н., Завгородний С.С., Чехвалова Е.В., Манин Е.А., Волынкина А.С., Дубянский В.М., Логвин Ф.В., Жукова Л.И.Kulichenko A.N., Zavgorodny S.S., Chekhvalova E.V., Manin E.A., Volynkina A.S., Dubyansky V.M., Logvin F.V., Zhukova L.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2207

Актуальность представленной работы обусловлена необходимостью совершенствования эпидемиологического надзора за природно-очаговыми инфекциями, представляющими серьезную угрозу здоровью и благополучию человека как в Российской Федерации, так и во всем мире. Урбанизация и освоение территории природных очагов с хозяйственной целью, нарушение экосистем в целом приводят к потере среды обитания для многочисленных видов диких животных и вынуждают их контактировать с людьми и домашними животными, способствуя тем самым распространению заболеваний среди них, а также последующей трансформации природных очагов в антропогенные. В связи с этим важным является вопрос внедрения новейших научных методов и достижений в практику санитарно-эпидемиологической службы нашей страны. Настоящее исследование рассматривает современные методы и технологические решения, имеющие большой потенциал для расширения возможностей эпидемиологического надзора (эпидемиологического и эпизоотологического мониторинга), а также создания систем реагирования на возникающие угрозы санитарно-эпидемиологического характера, в том числе географические информационные системы, использующиеся для визуализации данных, анализа пространственно-временных взаимосвязей и прогнозирования зон риска; дистанционное зондирование Земли, позволяющее собирать данные о состоянии окружающей среды с использованием спутников и беспилотных летательных аппаратов, что важно для анализа циркуляции инфекций; геномный эпидемиологический надзор, позволяющий выявить генетические варианты возбудителей инфекций, изучить их эволюцию и определить эпидемиологическую значимость; аналитику больших данных, обеспечивающую обработку информации для своевременного распознавания вспышек инфекций; искусственный интеллект и машинное обучение, автоматизирующие анализ данных и улучшающие точность прогнозов; интернет вещей, предоставляющий данные в реальном времени для непрерывного мониторинга параметров окружающей среды и здоровья человека.

The relevance of the presented work is due to the need to improve epidemiological surveillance of natural focal infections, which pose a serious threat to human health and well-being both in the Russian Federation and around the world. Urbanization and development of the territory of natural foci for economic purposes, disruption of ecosystems as a whole leads to the loss of habitat for numerous species of wild animals and forces them to come into contact with humans and domestic animals, thereby contributing to the spread of diseases among them, as well as the subsequent transformation of natural foci into anthropogenic ones. In this regard, it is important to introduce the latest scientific methods and achievements into the practice of the sanitary and epidemiological service of our country. This study examines modern methods and technological solutions that have great potential for expanding the capabilities of epidemiological surveillance (epidemiological and epizootiological monitoring), as well as creating systems to respond to emerging threats of a sanitary and epidemiological nature, including geographic information systems used for data visualization, analysis of spatial and temporal relationships and forecasting risk areas; remote sensing of the Earth, which allows collecting data on the state of the environment using satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles, which is important for analyzing the circulation of infections; genomic epidemiological surveillance, which allows identifying genetic variants of infectious agents, studying their evolution and determining their epidemiological significance; big data analytics – provides information processing for timely detection of outbreaks of infections; artificial intelligence and machine learning – automate data analysis and improve forecast accuracy; the Internet of Things provides real–time data for continuous monitoring of environmental parameters and human health.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.