microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2025-3-68-74microbe-2208Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЭндемические микозы на Африканском континентеEndemic Mycoses on the African Continenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-1820ЛипницкийА. В.LipnitskyA. V.

400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7

7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131

info@vnipchi.rospotrebnadzor.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7744-4441МуруговаА. А.MurugovaA. A.

400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7

7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7823-2301ПоловецН. В.PolovetsN. V.

400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7

7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131

vyu-nadezhda@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6474-3696НайденоваЕ. В.NaidenovaE. V.

410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005

rusrapi@microbe.ruCamaraA.CamaraA.

Факультет медицины и медицинских наук

Конакри

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences 

Conakry

DialloM. S.DialloM. S.

Факультет медицины и медицинских наук

Конакри

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences 

Conakry

Mobousse MisseJ.-C.Mobousse MisseJ.-C.

Браззавиль

Brazzaville

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-6033BoumbalyS.BoumbalyS.

Факультет медицины и медицинских наук

Конакри

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences 

Conakry

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3811-8675TraoreM. S.TraoreM. S.

Киндия

Kindia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5155-6066КорсаковаИ. И.KorsakovaI. I.

400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7

7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131

ФКУЗ «Волгоградский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт»РоссияVolgograd Research Anti-Plague InstituteRussian FederationФКУН «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»РоссияRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”Russian FederationУниверситет имени Гамаля Абдель НасераГвинеяGamal Abdel Nasser UniversityGuineaМинистерство здравоохранения и народонаселения Республики КонгоКонгоMinistry of Health and Population of the Republic of the CongoCongoИсследовательский институт прикладной биологии ГвинеиГвинеяResearch Institute of Applied Biology of GuineaGuinea202506102025036874Copyright © Липницкий А.В., Муругова А.А., Половец Н.В., Найденова Е.В., Camara A., Diallo M.S., Mobousse Misse J., Boumbaly S., Traore M.S., Корсакова И.И., 20252025Липницкий А.В., Муругова А.А., Половец Н.В., Найденова Е.В., Camara A., Diallo M.S., Mobousse Misse J., Boumbaly S., Traore M.S., Корсакова И.И.Lipnitsky A.V., Murugova A.A., Polovets N.V., Naidenova E.V., Camara A., Diallo M.S., Mobousse Misse J., Boumbaly S., Traore M.S., Korsakova I.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2208

Представлен обзор современных микробиологических, эпидемиологических и диагностических аспектов некоторых эндемических микозов (гистоплазмоза, бластомикоза, эмергомикоза), обнаруженных на Африканском континенте. Другие эндемические микозы (кокцидиоидомикоз, паракокцидиоидомикоз, таларомикоз) в Африке не описаны и могут быть только занесены извне. Гистоплазмоз, вызываемый Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, широко распространен в мире, но Африка – единственный континент, на котором сосуществуют два варианта – H. capsulatum и H. duboisii. Последний является возбудителем заболевания, названного «африканский гистоплазмоз». Диссеминированные формы гистоплазмоза диагностируют у 5–20 % лиц, инфицированных ВИЧ. Африканские случаи бластомикоза вызываются преимущественно видами Blastomyces percursus и B. emzantsi, которые значительно отличаются от этиологических агентов этого заболевания в Северной Америке (B. dermatitidis и B. gilchristii). Количество диагностированных случаев эндемических микозов в Африке существенно повысилось в последнее десятилетие, что, возможно, связано с новым заболеванием – эмергомикозом. Один из этиологических агентов этого микоза – диморфный гриб Emergomyces africanus. Лабораторная диагностика эндемических микозов в большинстве стран Африки ограничена в связи с недостатком опытного персонала и современных тест-систем.

The review of the current microbiological, epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of some endemic mycoses (histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, emergomycosis) found on the African continent is brought forward. Other endemic mycoses (coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, talaromycosis) have not been described in Africa and can only be imported. Histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is widespread in the world, but Africa is the only continent where two variants coexist – H. capsulatum and H. duboisii. The latter is the causative agent of the disease called “african histoplasmosis”. Disseminated forms of histoplasmosis are diagnosed in 5–20 % of HIV-infected individuals. African cases of blastomycosis are caused predominantly by Blastomyces percursus and B. emzantsi species, which differ significantly from the etiologic agents of this disease in North America (B. dermatitidis and B. gilchristii). The number of diagnosed cases of endemic mycoses in Africa has increased significantly in the last decade, which may be due to a new disease, emergomycosis. One of the etiologic agents of this mycosis is the dimorphic fungus Emergomyces africanus. Laboratory diagnostics of endemic mycoses in most African countries is limited due to the lack of experienced personnel and advanced test systems.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.