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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2025-4-104-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2256</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВИЧ-инфекция и парентеральные вирусные гепатиты в структуре коморбидности у пациентов с постковидным синдромом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV and Parenteral Viral Hepatitis in the Co-Morbidity Structure of Patients with Post-COVID Syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Останкова Юлия Владимировна, </p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Ostankova, </p><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-3674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchemelev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0547-3945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серикова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serikova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1882-529X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ануфриева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anufrieva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загальская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagal’skaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0049-8448</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Книжникова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knizhnikova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-7043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Норка</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Norka</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-0101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рассохин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rassokhin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6255-7005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляков</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyakov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-8799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>Арег А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>Аreg A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteur@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Останкова Ю.В., Щемелев А.Н., Серикова Е.Н., Ануфриева Е.В., Загальская Е.В., Книжникова А.А., Норка А.О., Рассохин В.В., Беляков Н.А., Тотолян А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Останкова Ю.В., Щемелев А.Н., Серикова Е.Н., Ануфриева Е.В., Загальская Е.В., Книжникова А.А., Норка А.О., Рассохин В.В., Беляков Н.А., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostankova Y.V., Shchemelev A.N., Serikova E.N., Anufrieva E.V., Zagal’skaya E.V., Knizhnikova A.A., Norka A.O., Rassokhin V.V., Belyakov N.A., Totolian А.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2256">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2256</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – оценить распространенность маркеров ВИЧ-инфекции и парентеральных вирусных гепатитов среди лиц с постковидным синдромом.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Материалом исследования служили образцы плазмы крови 129 пациентов с диагнозом long-COVID. Образцы обследовали на наличие серологических (ИФА с использованием коммерческих наборов, в случаях выявления Аг/Ат-ВИЧ – вестерн-блот) и молекулярных (методом ПЦР) маркеров.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. При оценке общей распространенности маркеров выявлены комплексные взаимосвязи между ВИЧ-инфекцией, вирусными гепатитами и развитием постковидного синдрома в когорте. У ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов, получающих антиретровирусную терапию (6,97 % обследованных), преобладали легкие формы COVID-19 (55,56 % случаев), что согласуется с современными представлениями о модулирующем влиянии иммуносупрессии на цитокиновый шторм при новой коронавирусной инфекции. Показана повышенная по сравнению с популяционной частота выявления РНК ВГС (1,55 %), что требует дальнейшего изучения потенциальной роли ВГС в развитии long-COVID, особенно в контексте данных о пролонгированной виремии SARS-CoV-2 у данной категории пациентов. В то же время низкая распространенность маркеров ГВ (7,75 % анти-HBcore антител при отсутствии HBsAg-позитивных случаев) не подтверждает их ассоциации с постковидным синдромом в нашей выборке, несмотря на литературные данные о повышенном риске long-COVID при хроническом гепатите В. Оценка распространенности гемоконтактных инфекций у лиц, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию, может быть значима для раннего выявления пациентов с высоким риском развития постковидного синдрома. Полученные результаты подчеркивают необходимость дальнейших масштабных исследований для уточнения патогенетических механизмов взаимодействия хронических вирусных инфекций и SARS-CoV-2, разработки персонализированных подходов к мониторингу и ведению пациентов с высоким риском развития long-COVID.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of HIV and blood-borne viral hepatitis markers among individuals with post-COVID syndrome.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study material consisted of blood plasma samples from 129 patients diagnosed with long COVID. The samples were tested for serological (ELISA with commercial kits, in case of Ag/Ab-HIV detection – Western blot) and molecular (PCR assay) markers.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Evaluation of overall marker prevalence revealed complex relationships between HIV infection, viral hepatitis, and the development of post-COVID syndrome in the cohort. Our data demonstrate that among HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy – who constituted 6.97 % of the study cohort – mild forms of COVID-19 were predominant (55.56 % of cases). This finding aligns with the current understanding of the modulating effect that immunosuppression has on the cytokine storm in case of COVID-19. Furthermore, analysis of the results revealed a higher detection rate of HCV RNA (1.55 %) compared to the general population. This observation warrants further investigation into the potential role of HCV in the development of long COVID, particularly in light of data suggesting prolonged SARS-CoV-2 viremia in this patient category. Conversely, the low prevalence of HB markers (7.75 % anti-HBcore antibodies with no HBsAg-positive cases) did not confirm their association with post-COVID syndrome in our sample, despite literature suggesting increased long COVID risk against chronic hepatitis B. Assessment of blood-borne infection prevalence among COVID-19 survivors may be valuable for early identification of high-risk patients developing post-COVID syndrome. The results emphasize the need for larger-scale studies to clarify pathogenic mechanisms of interaction between chronic viral infections and SARS-CoV-2, as well as to develop personalized monitoring and management approaches for high-risk long COVID patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>вирус гепатита С</kwd><kwd>вирус гепатита В</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>серологические маркеры</kwd><kwd>молекулярные маркеры</kwd><kwd>распространенность маркеров</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>post-COVID syndrome</kwd><kwd>hepatitis C virus</kwd><kwd>hepatitis В virus</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>serological markers</kwd><kwd>molecular markers</kwd><kwd>marker prevalence</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Отраслевая научно-исследовательская работа № 121021600218-8 «Изучение особенностей вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) при моно- и коинфекции и формирование иммунного ответа у иммунокомпетентных и иммунокомпрометированных лиц в различных условиях, до начала терапии, а также при наличии и отсутствии ответа на терапию и в зависимости от генетического полиморфизма генов хозяина».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Industry Research Project No. 121021600218-8 “Study of the characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in mono- and coinfection and the formation of an immune response in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals under various conditions, before therapy, as well as in the presence and absence of a response to therapy, and depending on the genetic polymorphism of the host genes.”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). 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