microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2026-1-17-25microbe-2279Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОбзор эпизоотической и эпидемической ситуации по высокопатогенному гриппу птиц в России и мире в 2025 г.Review of the Epizootic and Epidemic Situation regarding Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Russia and Globally in 2025https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4546-4795ЕникееваА. И.EnikeevaA. I.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

vector@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-0552ПановаА. С.PanovaA. S.

Панова Анастасия Сергеевна

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Anastasia S. Panova

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

panova_as@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-1548-5608ВасильцоваН. Н.VasiltsovaN. N.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-2794ДаниленкоА. В.DanilenkoA. V.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4351-8267ШадриноваК. Н.ShadrinovaK. N.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4573-5783СвятченкоС. В.SvyatchenkoS. V.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3191-1360ИвановаК. И.IvanovaK. I.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-1708ОнхоноваГ. С.OnkhonovaG. S.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6753-597XГончароваН. И.GoncharovaN. I.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9608-2044ТрегубчакТ. В.TregubchakT. V.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4954-9905БауэрТ. В.BauerT. V.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-0779СивайМ. В.SivayM. V.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4273-1704МаксименкоЛ. В.MaksimenkoL. V.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-6732МарченкоВ. Ю.MarchenkoV. Yu.

630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»РоссияReview of the Epizootic and Epidemic Situation regarding Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Russia and Globally in 2025Russian Federation202630032026011725Copyright © Еникеева А.И., Панова А.С., Васильцова Н.Н., Даниленко А.В., Шадринова К.Н., Святченко С.В., Иванова К.И., Онхонова Г.С., Гончарова Н.И., Трегубчак Т.В., Бауэр Т.В., Сивай М.В., Максименко Л.В., Марченко В.Ю., 20262026Еникеева А.И., Панова А.С., Васильцова Н.Н., Даниленко А.В., Шадринова К.Н., Святченко С.В., Иванова К.И., Онхонова Г.С., Гончарова Н.И., Трегубчак Т.В., Бауэр Т.В., Сивай М.В., Максименко Л.В., Марченко В.Ю.Enikeeva A.I., Panova A.S., Vasiltsova N.N., Danilenko A.V., Shadrinova K.N., Svyatchenko S.V., Ivanova K.I., Onkhonova G.S., Goncharova N.I., Tregubchak T.V., Bauer T.V., Sivay M.V., Maksimenko L.V., Marchenko V.Y.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2279

В 2025 г. сохранялась высокая эпизоотическая активность высокопатогенного вируса гриппа птиц (ВПВГП), о чем свидетельствуют более 7 тыс. вспышек среди домашней и дикой птицы в 75 странах мира, сопровождавшиеся гибелью или вынужденным уничтожением сельскохозяйственных птиц, число которых превысило 98 млн. Большинство зарегистрированных в мире вспышек связано с ВПВГП A(H5N1) клады 2.3.4.4b, преобладающим в циркуляции во всем мире с 2021 г. Помимо доминирующего подтипа A(H5N1) клады 2.3.4.4b, наблюдалась циркуляция других высокопатогенных подтипов, включая A(H5N5), A(H5N2), A(H5N8) и A(H5N9), а также A(H7), что указывает на продолжающуюся эволюцию вируса гриппа птиц в природных и антропогенных экосистемах. В США и ряде других стран ВПВГП A(H5N1) стал причиной многочисленных случаев заболевания диких и домашних млекопитающих, а также людей. В 2025 г. впервые в мире зарегистрирован случай заболевания человека гриппом A(H5N5) в США. Всего в 2025 г. зарегистрировано 74 случая зоонозной передачи ВПВГП человеку, в том числе 32 случая, вызванных вирусом A(H5) различных клад (2.3.4.4b, 2.3.2.1e, 2.3.2.1a), что указывает на продолжающийся рост межвидовой передачи, который несет потенциальную угрозу для общественного здоровья. В Российской Федерации в 2025 г. сохранялась напряженная эпизоотическая обстановка – зарегистрированы вспышки, вызванные ВПВГП A(H5N1) клады 2.3.4.4b, среди диких и домашних птиц. При этом на Дальнем Востоке отмечена циркуляция вируса A(H5N1), содержащего мутации повышенной вирулентности для млекопитающих. Также в части выделенных изолятов A(H5N1) обнаружены аминокислотные замены в антигенных сайтах. Несмотря на продолжающуюся эволюцию, на данный момент не наблюдается значительного изменения антигенных свойств ВПВГП A(H5N1), циркулирующих в Российской Федерации.

In 2025, high epizootic activity of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) persisted globally, as evidenced by more than 7,000 outbreaks reported in poultry and wild birds across 75 countries, resulting in mortality or culling of birds exceeding 98 million specimens. The majority of outbreaks worldwide were associated with HPAIV A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b, which has remained the predominant lineage in global circulation since 2021. In addition to the dominant A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b subtype, circulation of other highly pathogenic subtypes was observed, including A(H5N5), A(H5N2), A(H5N8), and A(H5N9), as well as A(H7), indicating ongoing evolution of avian influenza viruses in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. In the United States and several other countries, HPAIV A(H5N1) caused numerous infections in wild and domestic mammals as well as in humans. In 2025, the world’s first human case of A(H5N5) influenza was documented in the United States. A total of 74 zoonotic HPAIV human infections were reported globally in 2025, including 32 cases caused by A(H5) viruses of various clades (2.3.4.4b, 2.3.2.1e, 2.3.2.1a), reflecting a continuing increase in interspecies transmission that poses a potential public health threat. In the Russian Federation, high epizootic activity of HPAIV persisted throughout 2025, with outbreaks caused by A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses reported in both wild and domestic birds. Notably, in the Russian Far East, circulation of an A(H5N1) virus carrying mammalian-adaptive mutations associated with increased virulence in mammals was detected. Additionally, amino acid substitutions in antigenic sites were identified in several A(H5N1) isolates. Despite ongoing virus evolution, no substantial alterations in the antigenic properties of HPAIV A(H5N1) strains circulating in the Russian Federation have been observed to date.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.