microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2026-1-34-42microbe-2281Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSМноголетняя динамика эпидемических проявлений чумы на Африканском континентеLong-Term Dynamics of Epidemic Manifestations of Plague on the African Continenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-6267КутыревИ. В.KutyrevI. V.

Кутырев Иван Владимирович

111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а

Ivan V. Kutyrev

3a, Novogireevskaya St., Moscow, 111123

crie@pcr.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-9261ПоповН. В.PopovN. V.

410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005

rusrapi@microbe.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-9486НикифоровК. А.NikiforovK. A.

410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005

rusrapi@microbe.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4849-3866ИвановаА. В.IvanovaA. V.

410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005

rusrapi@microbe.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-473XПоспеловМ. В.PospelovM. V.

410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005

rusrapi@microbe.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-7409-4685НейштадтЯ. А.NeishtadtYa. A.

410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005

rusrapi@microbe.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8741-5756ЗубоваА. А.ZubovaA. A.

410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005

rusrapi@microbe.ruЦентральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологииРоссияCentral Research Institute of EpidemiologyRussian FederationРоссийский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»РоссияRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”Russian Federation202630032026013442Copyright © Кутырев И.В., Попов Н.В., Никифоров К.А., Иванова А.В., Поспелов М.В., Нейштадт Я.А., Зубова А.А., 20262026Кутырев И.В., Попов Н.В., Никифоров К.А., Иванова А.В., Поспелов М.В., Нейштадт Я.А., Зубова А.А.Kutyrev I.V., Popov N.V., Nikiforov K.A., Ivanova A.V., Pospelov M.V., Neishtadt Y.A., Zubova A.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2281

В ХХI столетии сохраняется тенденция сокращения общего числа случаев заражения чумой в странах Африки, Северной и Южной Америки, Азии. Наиболее неблагоприятная эпидемиологическая ситуация складывалась в странах Африканского региона, где зарегистрировано свыше 90 % общемировой заболеваемости чумой. Целью обзора является анализ пространственно-временных особенностей эпидемических проявлений чумы на Африканском континенте в ХХ–ХХI столетиях. Обобщены литературные сведения, характеризующие вспышечную и спорадическую заболеваемость чумой в странах Африки в рассматриваемый период. В многолетнем аспекте проанализированы данные о числе случаев заражения чумой в 1935–2024 гг. Высокий уровень ежегодной заболеваемости чумой зарегистрирован в периоды 1935–1945 и 1986–2008 гг. В 1946–1985 и 2009–2024 гг. общее число случаев заражения значительно снижалось. Также показано, что в первой половине прошлого столетия (до 1950 г.) случаи заражения чумой зарегистрированы в 25 странах, расположенных в северных, западных, восточных и южных регионах Африканского континента. Во второй половине прошлого века число африканских стран, где имели место случаи заболевания чумой, сократилось до 20, а в начале текущего столетия – до 9. Обосновано, что в 1900–2024 гг. наиболее стойкий характер эпидемических проявлений имел место в странах Восточной Африки и на о. Мадагаскар. Отмечаемая стабильность эпидемических проявлений в действующих здесь природных и природно-антропоургических очагах чумы объясняется сочетанием экологических, эпизоотологических, эпидемиологических факторов, обеспечивающих постоянную циркуляцию эпидемиологически значимых линий Yersinia pestis (1.ANT, 1.ORI).

In the XXI century, there has been a downward trend in the total number of cases of plague infection in Africa, North and South America, and Asia. The most unfavorable epidemiological situation was in the countries of the African region, where over 90 % of the global plague incidence was registered. The aim of this review is to analyze the spatial and temporal features of epidemic manifestations of plague on the African continent in the XX–XXI centuries. The literature data characterizing the outbreak and sporadic incidence of plague in African countries in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries are summarized. The information on the number of cases of plague infection in 1935–2024 is analyzed from a long-term perspective. A high annual incidence of plague (over 1000 cases) was recorded in the periods of 1935–1945 and 1986–2008. In 1946–1985 and 2009–2024, the total number of infections decreased significantly. It is also shown that in the first half of the past century (before 1950), cases of plague infection were registered in 25 countries located in the northern, western, eastern and southern regions of the African continent. In the second half of the last century, the number of African countries with cases of plague decreased to 20, and at the beginning of this century – to 9. It has been substantiated that in 1900–2024 the most persistent epidemic manifestations took place in the countries of East Africa and Madagascar. The noted stability of active epidemic manifestations in the natural and natural-anthropourgic plague foci is explained by a combination of ecological, epizootiological, and epidemiological factors that ensure the constant circulation of epidemiologically significant Yersinia pestis lineages (1.ANT, 1.ORI).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.