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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2026-1-53-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2283</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты эпидемиологического надзора за лихорадкой Западного Нила в Российской Федерации в 2025 г. Прогноз эпидемиологической ситуации на 2026 г.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Results of Epidemiological Surveillance over West Nile Fever in the Russian Federation in 2025. Forecast of the Epidemiological Situation for 2026</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-1536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Удовиченко</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Udovichenko</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Удовиченко Светлана Константиновна</p><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana K. Udovichenko</p><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@vnipchi.rospotrebnadzor.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-0350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9143-7907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-6165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Путинцева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Putintseva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4086-0327</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колоскова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koloskova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-8864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Машкова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mashkova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8444-1748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9342-7211</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4196-0481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алехина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekhina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-4657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топорков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toporkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Волгоградский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Volgograd Research Anti-Plague Institute<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Удовиченко С.К., Никитин Д.Н., Гусев Е.А., Путинцева Е.В., Колоскова А.Ю., Машкова А.В., Чернов В.А., Антонов А.С., Алехина В.А., Топорков А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Удовиченко С.К., Никитин Д.Н., Гусев Е.А., Путинцева Е.В., Колоскова А.Ю., Машкова А.В., Чернов В.А., Антонов А.С., Алехина В.А., Топорков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Udovichenko S.K., Nikitin D.N., Gusev E.A., Putintseva E.V., Koloskova A.Y., Mashkova A.V., Chernov V.A., Antonov A.S., Alekhina V.A., Toporkov A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2283">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2283</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен обзор эпидемиологической обстановки по лихорадке Западного Нила (ЛЗН) в мире и Российской Федерации в 2025 г., дан прогноз на 2026 г. При оценке интенсивности эпидемического процесса в Российской Федерации в 2025 г. установлено снижение заболеваемости (145 случаев) в 3 раза относительно 2024 г. (440) и 1,3 раза – среднемноголетнего значения (183,2). Заболеваемость зарегистрирована в 22 субъектах, в том числе в четырех – впервые: в Республике Северная Осетия – Алания, Кировской и Курганской областях, Забайкальском крае. По сравнению с данными многолетних наблюдений в 2025 г. отмечено позднее начало эпидемического сезона, доминирование среди заболевших лиц женского пола, существенное увеличение удельного веса заражений вирусом Западного Нила (ВЗН) по месту постоянного проживания в городах. Территориальное распределение случаев, возрастная и социальная структура заболеваемости и клинических проявлений ЛЗН соответствовали среднемноголетним данным. В 2025 г. сохранилась тенденция увеличения объемов и территориального охвата мониторинговыми исследованиями: активное выявление случаев ЛЗН проведено в 68 субъектах (в 2024 г. – 62, среднемноголетний показатель – 44), эпизоотологический мониторинг – 86 (81 и 68 соответственно), изучение иммунной прослойки – 78 (69 и 47 соответственно). Энзоотичная циркуляция ВЗН подтверждена в 14 субъектах, впервые – в Тамбовской области. Доля положительных находок в зоолого-энтомологическом материале в 2025 г. составила 0,12 % (в 2024 г. – 0,17 %, среднемноголетний показатель – 0,18 %), что может свидетельствовать о снижении интенсивности эпизоотического процесса ЛЗН в России. В 2025 г. на территории европейской части страны установлена циркуляция ВЗН 2-го генотипа, в структуре популяции которого превалировал геновариант ABB.1.1. В предстоящий сезон в эпидемический процесс наиболее активно будут вовлечены субъекты Южного, Центрального и Приволжского федеральных округов. При обеспечении эффективного мониторинга заболеваемости в среднесрочной перспективе ожидается сохранение показателей заболеваемости на уровне среднемноголетних значений, в долгосрочной – рост заболеваемости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An overview of the epidemiological situation on West Nile fever (WNF) in the world and the Russian Federation in 2025 is presented, a forecast for 2026 is provided. During the assessment of WNF epidemic process intensity in the Russian Federation in 2025, a three-fold decrease in the incidence (145 cases) compared to 2024 (440) and a 1,3-fold decrease compared to the long-term average values (183,2) was revealed. The incidence was registered in 22 constituent entities, including 4 previously unaffected: Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Kirov and Kurgan Regions, Trans-Baikal Territory. Compared with long-term observation data, 2025 was characterized by a late onset of the epidemic season, a predominance of women among cases, and a significant increase in the proportion of West Nile virus infections by place of permanent residence in cities. The territorial distribution of cases, the age and social structure of the incidence and clinical manifestations of WNF were consistent with the long-term average data. In 2025, the trend of increasing volume and territorial coverage of monitoring studies continued: active detection of WNF cases was conducted in 68 constituent entities (in 2024 – 62, the long-term average – 44), epizootiological monitoring was carried out in 86 entities (81 and 68, respectively), and the immune cohort was studied in 78 (69 and 47, respectively). Enzootic circulation of West Nile virus was confirmed in 14 constituent entities, for the first time – in the Tambov Region. The proportion of positive findings in zoological and entomological material in 2025 was 0.12 % (in 2024 – 0.17 %, the long-term average – 0.18%), which may indicate a decrease in the intensity of the WNF epizootic process in Russia. In 2025, circulation of West Nile virus lineage 2 was detected in the European part of the country, with the ABB.1.1 genovariant predominating in its population structure. During the upcoming season, the Southern, Central, and Volga Federal Districts will be most actively involved in the epidemic process. With effective monitoring, incidence rates are expected to remain at the long-term average level in the medium term, in the long-run – the increase in incidence rate is predicted.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лихорадка Западного Нила</kwd><kwd>эпидемический процесс</kwd><kwd>структура заболеваемости</kwd><kwd>зоологоэнтомологический и серологический мониторинг</kwd><kwd>вирус Западного Нила</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>West Nile fever</kwd><kwd>epidemic process</kwd><kwd>incidence structure</kwd><kwd>zoological-entomological and serological monitoring</kwd><kwd>West Nile virus</kwd><kwd>forecast</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Авторы заявляют об отсутствии дополнительного финансирования при проведении данного исследования. Авторы статьи выражают благодарность руководителям и сотрудникам управлений Роспотребнадзора, центров гигиены и эпидемиологии субъектов Российской Федерации, а также противочумных учреждений Роспотребнадзора, предоставивших результаты мониторинговых исследований</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The authors declare no additional financial support for this study. The authors of the manuscript express their gratitude to the heads and employees of the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as anti-plague institutions of the Rospotrebnadzor, which provided the results of monitoring studies</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gould C.V., Staples J.E., Guagliardo S.A.J., Martin S.W., Lyons S., Hills S.L., Nett R.J., Petersen L.R. West Nile virus: a review. JAMA. 2025; 334(7):618–28. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.8737.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gould C.V., Staples J.E., Guagliardo S.A.J., Martin S.W., Lyons S., Hills S.L., Nett R.J., Petersen L.R. West Nile virus: a review. JAMA. 2025; 334(7):618–28. 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