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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2026-1-90-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2287</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация метода мультилокусного сиквенс-типирования генов вирулентности (MVLST) Bacillus anthracis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optimization of the Multilocus Sequence Typing Method for Virulence Genes of Bacillus anthracis (MVLST)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-1185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еременко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremenko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Еременко Евгений Иванович</p><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny I. Eremenko</p><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anthraxlab.stv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4544-7860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-784X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рязанова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryazanova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7033-9972</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печковский</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechkovsky</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Еременко Е.И., Никитина А.В., Рязанова А.Г., Печковский Г.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Еременко Е.И., Никитина А.В., Рязанова А.Г., Печковский Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eremenko E.I., Nikitina A.V., Ryazanova A.G., Pechkovsky G.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2287">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2287</self-uri><abstract><p>В России эпидемическая ситуация по сибирской язве остается нестабильной, несмотря на достигнутые успехи в профилактике и лечении. Независимо от характера вспышки, эпидемиологическое расследование требует установления вероятного происхождения и генетического родства штамма, ее вызвавшего, что достигается при молекулярном типировании. Bacillus anthracis отличается высокой генетической мономорфностью, усложняющей молекулярное типирование. Вариант MLST, метод мультилокусного сиквенс-типирования генов вирулентности (MVLST) позволяет эффективно дифференцировать штаммы возбудителя. Цель работы – выбор оптимальной схемы MVLST для генетического типирования B. anthracis. Материалы и методы. Использовали полные геномы 49 штаммов B. anthracis. Для построения филограмм с алгоритмом UPGMA выявляли SNP в программе PhyloViz. Вирулентность белков оценивали и отбор кодируемых генов проводили с онлайн-ресурсом «VirulentPred: Prediction of prokariotic virulent protein». Определение индекса дискриминации D Хантера – Гастона проводили онлайн в программе Discriminatory Power Calculator. Результаты и обсуждение. MVLST-pXO1 включала пять генов: lef, cya, pagA, atxA, gerXC, – локализованных на плазмиде токсинообразования pXO1. Типирование по схеме MVLSTpXO1 49 штаммов позволило разделить их на 21 генотип (D=0,9209). Схема MVLST-pXO2 охватывала четыре структурных гена капсульного полипептида: capA, capB, capC, capD – и два регуляторных гена: acpA, acpB – плазмиды капсулообразования pXO2. Типирование по схеме MVLST-pXO2 разделило 49 штаммов на 14 генотипов (D=0,6675). Полученная схема MVLST-15 по сравнению с MVLST-19 обеспечивала более высокую дискриминирующую силу, так как разделяла 49 штаммов B. anthracis на 40 генотипов (D=0,9864), тогда как показатели MVLST-19 составляли соответственно 33 генотипа (D=0,9633). Результаты показывают, что оптимальной может быть схема MVLST-15, так как обеспечивает лучшую дискриминацию штаммов B. anthracis, используя меньший набор локусов при сохранении классической филогенетической структуры возбудителя сибирской язвы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In Russia, the epidemic situation on anthrax remains unstable despite achieved progress in its prevention and treatment. Regardless of the nature of the outbreak, epidemiological investigation requires establishing the probable origin and genetic relatedness of the strain responsible, which is attained through molecular typing. Bacillus anthracis is characterized by high genetic monomorphism, complicating molecular typing. The MLST variant, a multilocus sequence typing method for virulence genes (MVLST), allows for effective differentiation of pathogen strains. The aim of this study was to select the optimal MVLST scheme for the genetic typing of B. anthracis. Materials and methods. The study used complete genomes of 49 B. anthracis strains. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using UPGMA algorithm through identifying SNPs with PhyloViz software. Protein virulence assessment and gene selection were performed using the online resource “VirulentPred Prediction of Prokaryotic Virulent Proteins”. The Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index (D) was calculated online using the Discriminatory Power Calculator program. Results and discussion. The MVLST-pXO1 scheme included 5 genes: lef, cya, pagA, atxA, gerXC, located on the pXO1 toxin plasmid. Typing with the MVLST-pXO1 scheme divided 49 strains into 21 genotypes (D=0.9209). The MVLST-pXO2 scheme covered 6 genes: 4 structural genes of capsule polypeptide (capA, capB, capC, capD), and 2 regulatory genes (acpA, acpB) on the pXO2 capsule plasmid. Typing with this scheme distinguished 14 genotypes (D=0.6675) among 49 strains. The derived MVLST-15 scheme provided higher discriminatory power compared to MVLST-19, dividing 49 B. anthracis strains into 40 genotypes (D=0.9864), whereas MVLST-19 identified 33 genotypes (D=0.9633). These results demonstrate that the MVLST-15 scheme is optimal, as it provides better discrimination of B. anthracis strains using a smaller set of loci while maintaining the classical phylogenetic structure of the anthrax pathogen.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Bacillus anthracis</kwd><kwd>сибирская язва</kwd><kwd>MVLST</kwd><kwd>вирулентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bacillus anthracis</kwd><kwd>anthrax</kwd><kwd>MVLST</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Авторы заявляют об отсутствии дополнительного финансирования при проведении данного исследования</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The authors declare no additional financial support for this study</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рязанова А.Г., Еременко Е.И., Аксенова Л.Ю., Семенова О.В., Буравцева Н.П., Головинская Т.М., Куличенко А.Н. 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