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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2026-1-108-115</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2289</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция и географическое распространение Brucella melitensis генетической линии II на территории Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution and Geographical Distribution of Brucella melitensis Genetic Line II in the Territory of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-5647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Дмитрий Анатольевич</p><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Kovalev</p><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalev_da.stv@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6458-6790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писаренко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisarenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stavnipchi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-4026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шапаков</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapakov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stavnipchi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9513-0761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stavnipchi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7698-7361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жиров</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhirov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stavnipchi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0422-6755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stavnipchi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-3949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куличенко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulichenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stavnipchi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ставропольский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ковалев Д.А., Писаренко С.В., Шапаков Н.А., Кузнецова И.В., Жиров А.М., Пономаренко Д.Г., Куличенко А.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковалев Д.А., Писаренко С.В., Шапаков Н.А., Кузнецова И.В., Жиров А.М., Пономаренко Д.Г., Куличенко А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalev D.A., Pisarenko S.V., Shapakov N.A., Kuznetsova I.V., Zhirov A.M., Ponomarenko D.G., Kulichenko A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2289">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2289</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – филогеографический и эволюционный анализ штаммов Brucella melitensis генетической линии II, выделенных на территории Российской Федерации, в контексте изучения глобальной популяции вида.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании использовали 282 штамма B. melitensis из коллекции патогенных микроорганизмов ФКУЗ Ставропольский противочумный институт Роспотребнадзора. Полногеномное секвенирование осуществляли с помощью секвенатора DNBSEQ G50RS (MGI, Китай) с использованием набора реагентов MGIEasy FAST FS DNA Library Prep Set V2.1 (MGI, Китай) по стандартному протоколу. Эволюционный и филогеографический анализ проводили на базе программного пакета BEAST v2.7.5.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено, что штаммы B. melitensis в Российской Федерации принадлежат к четырем субгенотипам генетической линии II, дивергировавшей предположительно в XVI в.: IIb, IIg, IIh и IIi. Единичные случаи выявления в России изолятов субгенотипов IIb и IIg указывают на завоз инфекции из стран Ближнего Востока. Субгенотип IIh распространен в Сибири, Монголии, Китае и Казахстане. Варианты наиболее представительного и генетически гетерогенного субгенотипа IIi циркулируют на обширной территории от Северного Кавказа до Северного Китая и, как правило, выделяются в ходе эпидемиологических расследований вспышек бруцеллеза в европейской части страны. Полученные результаты указывают на перспективу использования полногеномного SNP-анализа как эффективного инструмента для своевременного выявления неэндемичных или атипичных вариантов возбудителя бруцеллеза в ходе геномного профилирования отдельных регионов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work was to conduct phylogeographic and evolutionary analysis of Brucella melitensis strains of genetic lineage II, isolated in the territory of the Russian Federation in the context of studying the global population of the species.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study used 282 strains of B. melitensis from the collection of pathogenic microorganisms at the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using the DNBSEQ G50RS sequencer (MGI, China) and the MGIEasy FAST FS DNA Library Prep Set V2.1 kit (MGI, China) according to the standard protocol. Evolutionary and phylogeographic analysis was carried out applying the BEAST v2.7.5 software package.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. It has been established that the B. melitensis strains in the Russian Federation belong to four sub-genotypes of the genetic line II, which presumably diverged in the 16th century: IIb, IIg, IIh, and IIi. The singular cases of sub-genotypes IIb and IIg detection in Russia indicate the importation of infection from the Middle East. Sub-genotype IIh is prevalent in Siberia, Mongolia, China, and Kazakhstan. Variants of the most representative and genetically heterogeneous sub-genotype IIi circulate in a vast area from the North Caucasus to Northern China and are usually identified during epidemiological investigations of brucellosis outbreaks in the European part of the country. The results indicate the prospect of using genome-wide SNP analysis as an effective tool for timely detection of non-endemic or atypical variants of the causative agent of brucellosis during genomic profiling of individual regions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Brucella melitensis</kwd><kwd>полногеномное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>байесовский анализ</kwd><kwd>филогения</kwd><kwd>эволюция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Brucella melitensis</kwd><kwd>genome-wide sequencing</kwd><kwd>Bayesian analysis</kwd><kwd>phylogeny</kwd><kwd>evolution</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии дополнительного финансирования при проведении данного исследования. Референс-центр по мониторингу за возбудителем бруцеллеза ФКУЗ Ставропольский противочумный институт Роспотребнадзора выражает глубокую признательность руководителям и сотрудникам управлений Роспотребнадзора, ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии» в субъектах Российской Федерации, а также противочумных учреждений Роспотребнадзора за предоставление информационных и аналитических материалов для проведения настоящего исследования</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare no additional financial support for this study. The Reference Center for Monitoring Brucellosis Agent, the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor, expresses its deep gratitude to the heads and staff of the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations, the Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as plague control institutions of the Rospotrebnadzor for providing information and analytical materials for this study</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laine C.G., Johnson V.E., Scott H.M., Arenas-Gamboa A.M. Global estimate of human brucellosis incidence. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2023; 29(9):1789–97. DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laine C.G., Johnson V.E., Scott H.M., Arenas-Gamboa A.M. Global estimate of human brucellosis incidence. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2023; 29(9):1789–97. 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