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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2026-1-116-122</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2290</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генотипирование штаммов Francisella tularensis subsp. Mediasiatica с использованием маркерных SNP</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genotyping of Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica Strains Using Marker SNPs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6926-0239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалевич</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalevich</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалевич Алексей Александрович</p><p>344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Kovalevich</p><p>117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-onDon, 344002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalevich_aa@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7178-8021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писанов</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisanov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-onDon, 344002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-3231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водопьянов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodop’yanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-onDon, 344002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1835-1496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117/40, M. Gor’kogo St., Rostov-onDon, 344002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plague@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Ростовский-на-Дону научно-исследовательский противочумный институт<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ковалевич А.А., Писанов Р.В., Водопьянов А.С., Сорокин В.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковалевич А.А., Писанов Р.В., Водопьянов А.С., Сорокин В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalevich A.A., Pisanov R.V., Vodop’yanov A.S., Sorokin V.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2290">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2290</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – генотипирование штаммов Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica с использованием маркерных SNP на основе данных полногеномного секвенирования. Материалы и методы. В работе использовали 50 полных геномов (WGS) штаммов F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica из базы данных NCBI и 25 геномов, секвенирование которых проведено специалистами ФКУЗ Ростовский-на-Дону противочумный институт Роспотребнадзора. Выделение отдельных кластеров на дендрограмме проводили при значении бутстреп-поддержки как минимум &gt;90 % (при использовании 1000 репликаций). Результаты и обсуждение. На репрезентативной выборке из 75 геномов F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica были отобраны 5251 SNP, встречающиеся минимум у двух штаммов. В ходе биоинформационного анализа исключены геномы с более чем 500 SNP в участках, не охваченных WGS. На основе филогенетического анализа построена дендрограмма и выделены 11 крупных кластеров, названных по географическим локациям ранних или доминирующих штаммов, при бутстреп-поддержке &gt;90 % (1000 репликаций). Для типирования штаммов в кластерах определены «маркерные» SNP, характерные для каждого кластера и его дочерних групп, но отсутствующие у остальных. Разработана программа «SNP Genotyper» для автоматического определения генотипа штаммов на основе маркерных SNP. Проведено изучение генетической вариабельности F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica различного происхождения методом анализа wgSNP. Выявлено генетическое разнообразие штаммов subsp. mediasiatica, выделенных на территориях Алтайского края (Российская Федерация) и Республики Казахстан. На основе маркерных SNP разработан алгоритм для оперативного анализа WGS-данных геномов F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica. Разработанная методика определения генетических линий может стать полезным инструментом как для оперативного анализа при выделении свежих штаммов, определения филогенетического родства штаммов, изучения генетического разнообразия популяции, так и при проведении ретроспективных исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was the genotyping of Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica strains using marker SNPs based on whole genome sequencing data. Materials and methods. The work used 50 complete genomes (WGS) of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica strains from the NCBI database and 25 genomes, which were sequenced directly by specialists from the Rostov-on-Don Anti-Plague Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor. The allocation of individual clusters on the dendrogram was carried out with a bootstrap support value of at least &gt;90 % (when using 1000 replications). Results and discussion. A total of 5,251 SNPs identified in a representative sample of 75 F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica genomes were selected, with each SNP detected in at least two strains. During the bioinformatics analysis, genomes with more than 500 SNPs in regions not covered by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were excluded. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in a dendrogram that identified 11 major clusters named after the geographic locations of early or dominant strains. These clusters were supported by bootstrap values &gt;90 % (1,000 replicates). For strain typing within the clusters, “marker” SNPs specific to each cluster and its subgroups – but absent in others – were identified. A software tool, “SNP Genotyper”, was developed to automate genotype determination based on those marker SNPs. Genetic variability of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica isolates of diverse origins was studied using whole-genome SNP (wgSNP) analysis. Genetic diversity was observed among subsp. mediasiatica strains isolated in Altai Territory (Russian Federation) and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on marker SNPs, an algorithm has been developed for the operational analysis of WGS data from F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica genomes. The developed method for determining genetic lineages can be a useful tool both for operational analysis when isolating fresh strains, determining the phylogenetic relationships of strains, studying the genetic diversity of a population, and conducting retrospective studies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>wgSNP</kwd><kwd>маркерные SNP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>wgSNP</kwd><kwd>marker SNPs</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Авторы заявляют об отсутствии дополнительного финансирования при проведении данного исследования. Авторы выражают благодарность Е.Н. Рождественскому, Г.Х. Базаровой, П.П. Санарову, а также М.В. Цимбалистовой за помощь в проведении исследования</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The authors declare no additional financial support for this study. The authors are grateful to E.N. Rozhdestvensky, G.Kh. Bazarova, P.P. Sanarov, and M.V. Tsimbalistova for assistance in conducting this study</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gürcan Ş. Epidemiology of tularemia. Balkan Med. J. 2014; 31(3):3–10. DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2014.13117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gürcan Ş. Epidemiology of tularemia. Balkan Med. J. 2014; 31(3):3–10. 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