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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2026-2-53-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2344</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Организация лабораторной диагностики сибирской язвы на базе мобильных лабораторий в Республике Таджикистан в 2024–2025 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Organization of Laboratory Diagnostics of Anthrax in Mobile Laboratories in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2024–2025</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-4156</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдрашитова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdrashitova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0037-3048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9647-4195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назарова</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarova</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>734025, Душанбе, ул. Шевченко, 69.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>69, Shevchenko St., Dushanbe, 734025</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-2446</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7033-9972</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печковский</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechkovsky</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13–15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">post@snipchi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-3988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулмахмадзода</surname><given-names>З. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulmakhmadzoda</surname><given-names>Z. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>734025, Душанбе, ул. Шевченко, 69.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>69, Shevchenko St., Dushanbe, 734025</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азизов</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azizov</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>734025, Душанбе, ул. Шевченко, 69.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>69, Shevchenko St., Dushanbe, 734025</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-8804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гиёсиддинзода</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Giesiddinzoda</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>734025, Душанбе, ул. Шевченко, 69.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>69, Shevchenko St., Dushanbe, 734025</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чумъахонзода</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chumakhonzoda</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>734025, Душанбе, ул. Шевченко, 69.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>69, Shevchenko St., Dushanbe, 734025</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максумова</surname><given-names>Ф. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksumova</surname><given-names>F. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>734025, Душанбе, ул. Шевченко, 69.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>69, Shevchenko St., Dushanbe, 734025</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7190-4427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафарова</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safarova</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>734025, Душанбе, ул. Шевченко, 69.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>69, Shevchenko St., Dushanbe, 734025</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0954-5683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-2394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснов</surname><given-names>Я. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnov</surname><given-names>Ya. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-6223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманов</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanov</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>734000, Душанбе, микрорайон Зарафшон-2, 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11, Zarafshon-2 Microdistrict, Dushanbe, 734000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хабибзода</surname><given-names>Х. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khabibzoda</surname><given-names>Kh. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>734000, Душанбе, микрорайон Зарафшон-2, 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>11, Zarafshon-2 Microdistrict, Dushanbe, 734000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1143-4069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-3452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Республиканский центр по борьбе с карантинными заболеваниями» Министерства здравоохранения и социальной защиты населения Республики Таджикистан</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Center for Quarantine Diseases of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ставропольский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Городская клиническая больница инфекционных заболеваний» Министерства здравоохранения и социальной защиты населения Республики Таджикистан</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абдрашитова А.С., Шарова И.Н., Назарова О.Д., Михеева Е.А., Печковский Г.А., Гулмахмадзода З.Г., Азизов К.М., Кудряшов Н.В., Гиёсиддинзода М.Г., Чумъахонзода М., Максумова Ф.Ф., Федоров А.В., Сафарова З.А., Осина Н.А., Краснов Я.М., Рахманов Э.Р., Хабибзода Х.Х., Щербакова С.А., Кутырев В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абдрашитова А.С., Шарова И.Н., Назарова О.Д., Михеева Е.А., Печковский Г.А., Гулмахмадзода З.Г., Азизов К.М., Кудряшов Н.В., Гиёсиддинзода М.Г., Чумъахонзода М., Максумова Ф.Ф., Федоров А.В., Сафарова З.А., Осина Н.А., Краснов Я.М., Рахманов Э.Р., Хабибзода Х.Х., Щербакова С.А., Кутырев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abdrashitova A.S., Sharova I.N., Nazarova O.D., Mikheeva E.A., Pechkovsky G.A., Gulmakhmadzoda Z.G., Azizov K.M., Kudryashov N.V., Giesiddinzoda M.G., Chumakhonzoda M., Maksumova F.F., Fedorov A.V., Safarova Z.A., Osina N.A., Krasnov Y.M., Rakhmanov E.R., Khabibzoda K.K., Shcherbakova S.A., Kutyrev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2344">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2344</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – организация лабораторной диагностики сибирской язвы с использованием мобильной лаборатории, в том числе для верификации клинического диагноза «сибирская язва» в Республике Таджикистан. Материалы и методы. Исследовано 17 проб клинического материала, 1 проба мяса крупного рогатого скота (КРС) с применением молекулярно-генетических (ПЦР, секвенирование) и бактериологического методов. Чувствительность выделенных культур Bacillus anthracis к антибактериальным препаратам определяли дискодиффузионным методом. Результаты и обсуждение. Сложная эпидемиологическая и эпизоотологическая ситуация по сибирской язве в Республике Таджикистан обусловливает необходимость совершенствования эпидемиологического надзора за этой болезнью. До настоящего времени постановка диагноза «сибирская язва» в республике основывается на клинической картине, без обязательного лабораторного подтверждения. В 2024–2025 гг. при консультативно-практической поддержке российских специалистов диагностические исследования биологического материала на наличие возбудителя сибирской язвы были организованы в мобильных лабораториях, развернутых на базе медицинских учреждений. В 2024 г. при исследовании 5 проб клинического материала от больных, получающих лечение антибактериальными препаратами, ДНК B. anthracis не обнаружена, культура сибиреязвенного микроба не выделена. В 2025 г. при исследовании 12 проб, отобранных до начала лечения от 7 пациентов, и 1 пробы мяса КРС из очага инфекции во всех случаях обнаружена ДНК B. anthracis. Из проб клинического материала и мяса выделены и идентифицированы культуры возбудителя сибирской язвы, определены их чувствительность к антибактериальным препаратам и принадлежность к филогенетической группе A.Br.047. Полученные результаты позволили подтвердить клинический диагноз «сибирская язва», назначить адекватную этиотропную терапию, оперативно провести противоэпидемические мероприятия. Продемонстрирована эффективность использования мобильных лабораторий для оперативной диагностики сибирской язвы, особенно в условиях ограниченной инфраструктуры, удаленности территорий, дефицита специализированных стационарных лабораторий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work was to organize laboratory diagnostics of anthrax using a mobile laboratory, including for the verification of the clinical diagnosis of anthrax in the Republic of Tajikistan. Materials and methods. 17 clinical samples and one sample of beef were analyzed using molecular-genetic (PCR, sequencing) and bacteriological methods. The susceptibility of isolated Bacillus anthracis cultures to antibacterial agents was determined applying the disk diffusion method. Results and discussion. The complex epidemiological and epizootiological situation on anthrax in the Republic of Tajikistan necessitates the improvement of epidemiological surveillance of this disease. The diagnosis of anthrax in the Republic is still based on the clinical presentation, without mandatory laboratory confirmation. In 2024–2025, with the advisory and practical support of Russian specialists, diagnostic tests for the presence of the anthrax pathogen were conducted in mobile laboratories set up at the premises of medical facilities. In 2024, when 5 samples of clinical material from patients who were treated with antibacterial drugs were examined, no B. anthracis DNA was detected, and no culture of the anthrax microbe was isolated. In 2025, when studying 12 samples taken before treatment from 7 patients and 1 sample of cattle meat collected from the focus of infection, DNA of B. anthracis was detected in all cases. Cultures of the anthrax pathogen were isolated and identified; their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs and appurtenance to the phylogenetic group A.Br.047 were determined. The obtained results allowed for confirming the clinical diagnosis of anthrax, to prescribe adequate etiotropic therapy, and to promptly carry out anti-epidemic measures. The effectiveness of using mobile laboratories for prompt diagnosis of anthrax has been demonstrated, specifically under conditions of limited infrastructure, remote areas, and a shortage of specialized stationary laboratories.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сибирская язва</kwd><kwd>Республика Таджикистан</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd><kwd>мобильная лаборатория</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anthrax</kwd><kwd>Republic of Tajikistan</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd><kwd>mobile laboratory</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наврузшоева Г.Ш., Жбанова С.Ю., Мошкова Е.Г. 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